Factores ambientales que modulan la fenología foliar de árboles del Bosque Atlántico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.20.30.3.0.1074Palabras clave:
bosque subtropical, fotoperíodo, hábito foliarResumen
La fenología foliar responde de manera sensible a distintas señales ambientales. La coordinación entre las fases fenológicas y estas señales le permite a las especies ajustar el momento óptimo para expandir sus hojas y crecer, así como para evitar los posibles daños que causan las condiciones ambientales desfavorables. Por otro lado, en las especies deciduas, la altura de los árboles es otro factor clave, ya que los eventos de expansión y caída de las hojas de los individuos del dosel determinan la disponibilidad de luz para los de menor altura. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue conocer de qué manera los factores ambientales interactúan con la fenología foliar en especies arbóreas de diferente hábito foliar que coexisten en el extremo sur del Bosque Atlántico semideciduo. Para esto se monitoreó la fenología foliar de 10 especies arbóreas típicas del dosel del Bosque Atlántico semideciduo en la provincia de Misiones. En las especies deciduas y brevideciduas se identificaron patrones estacionales en las fases de expansión y caída de hojas, vinculados con las variaciones en las temperaturas y el fotoperíodo. En las siempreverdes, en cambio, no se encontró una asociación clara. Los árboles deciduos no dominantes adelantaron la expansión de hojas en comparación con los dominantes. Esto implicaría una estrategia para optimizar la captura de luz y la ganancia de carbono al inicio de la primavera extendiendo la estación de crecimiento. La fenología de las especies deciduas se acopló de forma estrecha a las variables ambientales, lo cual podría generar, en estas especies, mayor vulnerabilidad ante eventos extremos de estrés ambiental, como las bajas temperaturas y el déficit hídrico.
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