Análisis geográfico y ambiental del estudio de la diversidad microbiana del suelo en la Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.25.35.3.0.2557Palabras clave:
agricultura, biogeografía, ecorregiones, hongosResumen
1. Los microorganismos del suelo (bacterias, hongos y protistas) constituyen la mayor biomasa y diversidad del ecosistema edáfico. En las últimas décadas, la producción científica sobre ecología microbiana del suelo aumentó. Identificar los vacíos de información en el conocimiento generado hasta la fecha permitirá enriquecer futuras investigaciones.
2. En este trabajo se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para recopilar estudios sobre comunidades microbianas en suelos de la Argentina. Se analizó estadísticamente la cobertura geográfica y ambiental, y las diferencias entre taxones.
3. Encontramos 133 trabajos con 347 puntos de muestreo distribuidos a lo largo del país. Al evaluar la cantidad de puntos de estudio por ecorregión, 14 de un total de 16 ecorregiones resultaron representadas en la bibliografía. Sin embargo, algunas, como la Pampa o los Bosques Patagónicos, estuvieron sobrerrepresentadas con relación a su área.
4. Al evaluar las diferencias entre taxones, los hongos presentaron cerca del doble de puntos de muestreo que las bacterias; pero fue la misma la diversidad de ambientes estudiados en términos climáticos y edáficos. Solo encontramos 2 trabajos enfocados en protistas.
5. Al analizar el grado de disturbio antrópico de los ambientes muestreados y los principales usos de los suelo estudiados, encontramos que la mayoría de los puntos se concentran en regiones productivas muy disturbadas y, sobre todo, agrícolas.
6. Implicancias. En este trabajo se identifican vacíos, geográficos y ambientales, en el estudio de los principales taxones microbianos, los cuales representan futuros objetivos de estudio relevantes para extender el conocimiento sobre la diversidad microbiana del suelo en Argentina. Además, se presenta una base de datos públicamente accesible que podría ser usada en futuros trabajos de revisión y síntesis científica.
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