Evaluación de la calidad del agua mediante un enfoque múltiple en arroyos de la llanura templada (Argentina, América del Sur)
Palabras clave:
polución, macroinvertebrados, análisis ecotoxicológicos, parámetros físico-químicos, arroyos pampeanosResumen
Se realizó un estudio de la calidad del agua en dos sistemas lóticos, los arroyos Juan Blanco y Buñirigo (Argentina), sujetos a diferente uso del suelo (el primero se ubica dentro de una reserva de Biosfera de la UNESCO, mientras que el segundo en una zona agrícolo-ganadera e industrial). Se analizaron datos físico-químicos, parámetros estructurales del ensamble de macroinvertebrados y ensayos ecotoxicológicos. El objetivo fue identificar el grado de deterioro en las áreas afectadas por efluentes y los consiguientes efectos sobre la biota. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron establecer diferentes clases de calidad del agua dentro de la zona de estudio. De acuerdo a los índices aplicados la cuenca baja del arroyo Buñirigo fue caracterizada como moderadamente contaminada sobre la base de la pérdida de especies bentónicas sensibles o cambios en su abundancia. Del mismo modo, los ensayos ecotoxicológicos agudos demostraron que el agua de este sitio tuvo efectos letales sobre larvas de Caenis nemoralis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Este punto de muestreo también evidenció características físico-químicas desfavorables para la biota, como alta conductividad y niveles de nutrientes, así como bajo contenido de oxígeno.
Citas
ALPERÍN, MI; VG BORGES & R SARANDÓN. 2002. Caracterización espacial de los tipos de cobertura de suelo usando técnicas geoestadísticas a partir de información satelital. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 105:40-51.
APHA. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water. 20th Ed. American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C.
BARBOUR, MT; J GERRITSEN; GE GRIFFITH; R FRYDENBORG; E MCCARRON; ET AL. 1996. A framework for biological criteria for Florida streams using benthicmacroinverte brates. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 15:185-211.
BAUER, DE; J DONADELLI; N GÓMEZ; M LICURSI; CS OCON; ET AL. 2002. Ecological status of the Pampean plain streams and rivers (Argentina). Verhand. Internat. Verein theoret. Limnol. 28:259-262.
BESSER, J; J GIESY; J KUBITZ; D VERBRUGGE; T COON; ET AL. 1996. Assessment of sediment quality in dredged and undredged areas of the Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, Michigan USA, using the Sediment Quality Triad. J. Great Lakes Res. 22:683-696.
BRABEC, K; S ZAHRÁDKOVÁ; D NMEJCOVÁ; P PAIL; J KOKE; ET AL. 2004. Assessment of organic pollution effect considering differences between lotic and lentic stream habitats. Hydrobiologia 516:331-346.
CABRERA, A. 1971. Fitogeografia de America Latina. Rev. Soc. Arg. Bot. 14:1-42.
CANFIELD, T; N KEMBLE; W BRUMBAUGH; F DWYER; C INGERSOLL; ET AL. 1994. Use of benthic invertebrate community structure and the sediment quality triad to evaluate metal-contaminated sediment in the Upper Clark Fork River, Montana. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13:1999-2012.
CHAPMAN, P. 1990. The Sediment Quality Triad approach to determining pollution-induced degradation. Sci. Tot. Environ. 97-98:815-825.
CHAPMAN, P. 1996. Presentation and interpretation of Sediment Quality Triad data. Ecotoxicology 5:327-339.
CHAPMAN, P. 2007. Determining when contamination is pollution - Weight of evidence determinations for sediments and effl uents. Environ. Internat. 33:492-501.
CHAPMAN, P & E LONG. 1983. The use of bioassays as part of a comprehensive approach to marine pollution assessment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14:81-84.
COURTNEY, L & W CLEMENTS. 2001. Sensitivity to acidic pH in benthic invertebrate assemblages with different histories of exposure to metals. JNABS 19:112-127.
DEPETRIS, J. 1995. Los sedimentos fluviales y lacustres: granulometría y contenido de materia orgánica. Pp. 67-78 in: Lopretto, E & G Tell (eds.). Ecosistemas de aguas continentales, metodologías para su estudio. Ediciones Sur, La Plata.
FERNÁNDEZ, H & E DOMÍNGUEZ. 2001. Guía para la determinación de los artrópodos bentónicos sudamericanos. EudeT. Serie: Investigaciones de la UNT. Pp. 282.
FORBES, V & P CALLOW. 2004. Systematic approach to weight of evidence in sediment quality assessment: Challenges and opportunities. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health & Manag. 7:339-350.
FRIBERG, N; J SKRIVER; S LARSEN; M PEDERSEN & A BUFFAGNI. 2009. Stream macroinvertebrate occurrence along gradients in organic pollution and eutrophication. Fresh. Biol. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02164.x.
GERHARDT, A (ED.). 1999. Biomonitoring of Polluted Water. Reviews on Actual Topics. Environmental Research Forum 9, TransTech Publ., Zürich, Switzerland.
GERHARDT, A; L JANSSENS DE BISTHOVEN & A SOARES. 2004. Macroinvertebrate response to acid mine drainage: community metrics and on-line behavioural toxicity bioassay. Environ. Pollut. 130:263-274.
GOODYEAR, K & S MC NEILL. 1999. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by aquatic macroinvertebrates of different feeding guilds: a review. Sci. Tot. Environ. 229:1-19.
GRAÇA, M; A RODRIGUES CAPÍTULO; CS OCON & N GÓMEZ. 2002. In situ assays for pollution assessment in pampean (Argentina) streams. Wat. Res. 36:4033-4040.
GREVE, G; H VAN DER GEEST; S STUIJFZAND; S ENGELS & M KRAAK. 1998. Development of ecotoxicity test using laboratory reared larvae of the riverine caddisflies Hydropsyche angustipennis and Cyrnus trimaculatus. Proc. Experimental & Applied Entomology N.E.V. Amsterdam 9:205-210.
GREVE, G; H VAN DER GEEST; S STUIJFZAND; A KURECK & M KRAAK. 1999. Development and validation of an ecotoxicity test using fi eld collected eggs of the riverine mayfly Ephoron virgo. Proc. Experimental & Applied Entomology N.E.V. Amsterdam 10:105-110.
HERING, D; R JOHNSON; S KRAMM; S SCHMUTZ; K SZOSZKIEWICZ; ET AL. 2006. Assessment of European streams with diatoms, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish: a comparative metric-based analysis of organism response to stress. Fresh. Biol. 51:1757-1785.
JERGENTZ, S; P PESSACQ; H MUGNI; C BONETTO & R SCHULZ. 2004. Linking in situ bioassays and population dynamics of macroinvertebrates to assess agricultural contamination in streams of the Argentine pampa. Ecotox. Environ. Safety 59:133-141.
JONSSON, M; O DANGLES; B MALMQVIST & F GUEROLD. 2002. Simulating species loss following perturbation: assessing the effects on process rates. Proc. Royal Soc. London B 269:1047-1052.
KAROUNA-RENIER, N & J ZEHR. 2003. Short-term exposures to chronically toxic copper concentrations induce HSP 70 proteins in midge larvae (Chironomus tentans). Sci. Tot. Environ. 312:267-272.
KARR, J & D DUDLEY. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water quality. Environ. Manag. 5:55-68.
KERANS, BL & JR KARR. 1994. A benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for rivers of the Tennessee Valley. Ecol. Appl. 4:768-785.
LESLIE, H; T PAVLUK; A BIJ DE VAATE & M KRAAK. 1999. Triad assessment of the impact of Chromium contamination on benthic macroinvertebrates in the Chusovaya river (Urals, Russia). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:182- 189.
LONG, E; M DUTCH; S AASEN; K WELCH; M HAMEEDI. 2003. Chemical Contamination, Acute Toxicity in Laboratory Tests, and Benthic Impacts in Sediments of Puget Sound: A summary of results of the joint 1997-1999 Ecology/NOAA survey. Washington State Deptartment of Ecology, Publication No 03-03-049 and NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS CCMA No 163. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
LOPRETTO, E & G TELL (EDS.). 1995. Ecosistemas de aguas continentales, metodologías para su estudio. Ediciones Sur, La Plata.
MAGURRAN, A. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Blakwell Science Ltd., United Kingdom.
MALMQVIST, B & P HOFFSTEN. 1999. Influence of drainage from old mine deposits on benthic macroinvertebrates communities in central Swedish streams. Wat. Res. 33: 2415-2423.
MERRITT, R & KW CUMMINS. 1996. Trophic relations of macroinvertebrates. Pp. 453-474 in Merritt, R & KW Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 3rd edition. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa.
MOSTO CASCALLAR, P & G TELL. 1995. Cultivo y aislamiento de algas. Pp. 297-312 in: Lopretto, E & G Tell (eds.). Ecosistemas de aguas continentales, metodologías para su estudio. Ediciones Sur, La Plata.
NDARUGA, A; G NDIRITU; N GICHUKI & W WAMICHA. 2004. Impact of water quality on macroinvertebrate assemblages along a tropical stream in Kenya. Afr. J. Ecol. 42:208-216.
OCON, C & A RODRIGUES CAPÍTULO. 2004. Presence and abundance of Ephemeroptera and other sensitive invertebrates in relation with habitat conditions in pampean streams (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Arch. Hydrobiol. 159:473-487.
PRENDA, J & A GALLARDO-MAYENCO. 1996. Self-purification, temporal variability and the macroinvertebrate community in small lowland Mediterranean streams receiving crude domestic sewage effluents. Arch. Hydrobiol. 136:159-170.
REYNOLDSON, T & M ZARULL. 1989. The biological assessment of contaminated sediments: the Detroit River example. Hydrobiologia 188-189:463-476.
RODRIGUES CAPÍTULO, A; M TANGORRA & C OCON. 2001. Use of benthic macroinvertebrates to assess the ecological status of pampean streams in Argentina. Aquat. Ecol. 35:109-119.
STRIEDER, M; L RONCHI; C STENERT; R THORMANN SCHERER & U NEISS. 2006. Medidas biológicas e índices de qualidade da água de uma microbacia com poluição urbana e de curtumes no Sul do Brasil. Acta Biologica Leopondensia 28:17-24.
TER BRAAK, C & P SMILAUER. 2002. CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user’s guide: software for canonical community ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, NY, USA.
TIMM, H; M IVASK & T MÖLS. 2001. Response of macroinvertebrates and water quality to long-term decrease in organic pollution in some Estonian streams during 1990-1998. Hydrobiologia 464:153-164.
VAN DER GEEST, H; G GREVE; B SCHEPER; E DE HAAS; S STUIJFZAND; ET AL. 1998. Key factors limiting the distribution of sensitive aquatic insects species: effects of copper and diazinon on larvae of the caddisfly Hydropsyche angustipennis (Trichoptera). Proc. of the 9th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Pp. 117-122.
WINGER, P; P LASIER & K BOGENREIDER. 2005. Combined use of rapid bioassessment protocols and sediment quality triad to assess stream quality. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 100:267-295.
APHA. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water. 20th Ed. American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C.
BARBOUR, MT; J GERRITSEN; GE GRIFFITH; R FRYDENBORG; E MCCARRON; ET AL. 1996. A framework for biological criteria for Florida streams using benthicmacroinverte brates. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 15:185-211.
BAUER, DE; J DONADELLI; N GÓMEZ; M LICURSI; CS OCON; ET AL. 2002. Ecological status of the Pampean plain streams and rivers (Argentina). Verhand. Internat. Verein theoret. Limnol. 28:259-262.
BESSER, J; J GIESY; J KUBITZ; D VERBRUGGE; T COON; ET AL. 1996. Assessment of sediment quality in dredged and undredged areas of the Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, Michigan USA, using the Sediment Quality Triad. J. Great Lakes Res. 22:683-696.
BRABEC, K; S ZAHRÁDKOVÁ; D NMEJCOVÁ; P PAIL; J KOKE; ET AL. 2004. Assessment of organic pollution effect considering differences between lotic and lentic stream habitats. Hydrobiologia 516:331-346.
CABRERA, A. 1971. Fitogeografia de America Latina. Rev. Soc. Arg. Bot. 14:1-42.
CANFIELD, T; N KEMBLE; W BRUMBAUGH; F DWYER; C INGERSOLL; ET AL. 1994. Use of benthic invertebrate community structure and the sediment quality triad to evaluate metal-contaminated sediment in the Upper Clark Fork River, Montana. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13:1999-2012.
CHAPMAN, P. 1990. The Sediment Quality Triad approach to determining pollution-induced degradation. Sci. Tot. Environ. 97-98:815-825.
CHAPMAN, P. 1996. Presentation and interpretation of Sediment Quality Triad data. Ecotoxicology 5:327-339.
CHAPMAN, P. 2007. Determining when contamination is pollution - Weight of evidence determinations for sediments and effl uents. Environ. Internat. 33:492-501.
CHAPMAN, P & E LONG. 1983. The use of bioassays as part of a comprehensive approach to marine pollution assessment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14:81-84.
COURTNEY, L & W CLEMENTS. 2001. Sensitivity to acidic pH in benthic invertebrate assemblages with different histories of exposure to metals. JNABS 19:112-127.
DEPETRIS, J. 1995. Los sedimentos fluviales y lacustres: granulometría y contenido de materia orgánica. Pp. 67-78 in: Lopretto, E & G Tell (eds.). Ecosistemas de aguas continentales, metodologías para su estudio. Ediciones Sur, La Plata.
FERNÁNDEZ, H & E DOMÍNGUEZ. 2001. Guía para la determinación de los artrópodos bentónicos sudamericanos. EudeT. Serie: Investigaciones de la UNT. Pp. 282.
FORBES, V & P CALLOW. 2004. Systematic approach to weight of evidence in sediment quality assessment: Challenges and opportunities. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health & Manag. 7:339-350.
FRIBERG, N; J SKRIVER; S LARSEN; M PEDERSEN & A BUFFAGNI. 2009. Stream macroinvertebrate occurrence along gradients in organic pollution and eutrophication. Fresh. Biol. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02164.x.
GERHARDT, A (ED.). 1999. Biomonitoring of Polluted Water. Reviews on Actual Topics. Environmental Research Forum 9, TransTech Publ., Zürich, Switzerland.
GERHARDT, A; L JANSSENS DE BISTHOVEN & A SOARES. 2004. Macroinvertebrate response to acid mine drainage: community metrics and on-line behavioural toxicity bioassay. Environ. Pollut. 130:263-274.
GOODYEAR, K & S MC NEILL. 1999. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by aquatic macroinvertebrates of different feeding guilds: a review. Sci. Tot. Environ. 229:1-19.
GRAÇA, M; A RODRIGUES CAPÍTULO; CS OCON & N GÓMEZ. 2002. In situ assays for pollution assessment in pampean (Argentina) streams. Wat. Res. 36:4033-4040.
GREVE, G; H VAN DER GEEST; S STUIJFZAND; S ENGELS & M KRAAK. 1998. Development of ecotoxicity test using laboratory reared larvae of the riverine caddisflies Hydropsyche angustipennis and Cyrnus trimaculatus. Proc. Experimental & Applied Entomology N.E.V. Amsterdam 9:205-210.
GREVE, G; H VAN DER GEEST; S STUIJFZAND; A KURECK & M KRAAK. 1999. Development and validation of an ecotoxicity test using fi eld collected eggs of the riverine mayfly Ephoron virgo. Proc. Experimental & Applied Entomology N.E.V. Amsterdam 10:105-110.
HERING, D; R JOHNSON; S KRAMM; S SCHMUTZ; K SZOSZKIEWICZ; ET AL. 2006. Assessment of European streams with diatoms, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish: a comparative metric-based analysis of organism response to stress. Fresh. Biol. 51:1757-1785.
JERGENTZ, S; P PESSACQ; H MUGNI; C BONETTO & R SCHULZ. 2004. Linking in situ bioassays and population dynamics of macroinvertebrates to assess agricultural contamination in streams of the Argentine pampa. Ecotox. Environ. Safety 59:133-141.
JONSSON, M; O DANGLES; B MALMQVIST & F GUEROLD. 2002. Simulating species loss following perturbation: assessing the effects on process rates. Proc. Royal Soc. London B 269:1047-1052.
KAROUNA-RENIER, N & J ZEHR. 2003. Short-term exposures to chronically toxic copper concentrations induce HSP 70 proteins in midge larvae (Chironomus tentans). Sci. Tot. Environ. 312:267-272.
KARR, J & D DUDLEY. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water quality. Environ. Manag. 5:55-68.
KERANS, BL & JR KARR. 1994. A benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for rivers of the Tennessee Valley. Ecol. Appl. 4:768-785.
LESLIE, H; T PAVLUK; A BIJ DE VAATE & M KRAAK. 1999. Triad assessment of the impact of Chromium contamination on benthic macroinvertebrates in the Chusovaya river (Urals, Russia). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:182- 189.
LONG, E; M DUTCH; S AASEN; K WELCH; M HAMEEDI. 2003. Chemical Contamination, Acute Toxicity in Laboratory Tests, and Benthic Impacts in Sediments of Puget Sound: A summary of results of the joint 1997-1999 Ecology/NOAA survey. Washington State Deptartment of Ecology, Publication No 03-03-049 and NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS CCMA No 163. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
LOPRETTO, E & G TELL (EDS.). 1995. Ecosistemas de aguas continentales, metodologías para su estudio. Ediciones Sur, La Plata.
MAGURRAN, A. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Blakwell Science Ltd., United Kingdom.
MALMQVIST, B & P HOFFSTEN. 1999. Influence of drainage from old mine deposits on benthic macroinvertebrates communities in central Swedish streams. Wat. Res. 33: 2415-2423.
MERRITT, R & KW CUMMINS. 1996. Trophic relations of macroinvertebrates. Pp. 453-474 in Merritt, R & KW Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 3rd edition. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa.
MOSTO CASCALLAR, P & G TELL. 1995. Cultivo y aislamiento de algas. Pp. 297-312 in: Lopretto, E & G Tell (eds.). Ecosistemas de aguas continentales, metodologías para su estudio. Ediciones Sur, La Plata.
NDARUGA, A; G NDIRITU; N GICHUKI & W WAMICHA. 2004. Impact of water quality on macroinvertebrate assemblages along a tropical stream in Kenya. Afr. J. Ecol. 42:208-216.
OCON, C & A RODRIGUES CAPÍTULO. 2004. Presence and abundance of Ephemeroptera and other sensitive invertebrates in relation with habitat conditions in pampean streams (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Arch. Hydrobiol. 159:473-487.
PRENDA, J & A GALLARDO-MAYENCO. 1996. Self-purification, temporal variability and the macroinvertebrate community in small lowland Mediterranean streams receiving crude domestic sewage effluents. Arch. Hydrobiol. 136:159-170.
REYNOLDSON, T & M ZARULL. 1989. The biological assessment of contaminated sediments: the Detroit River example. Hydrobiologia 188-189:463-476.
RODRIGUES CAPÍTULO, A; M TANGORRA & C OCON. 2001. Use of benthic macroinvertebrates to assess the ecological status of pampean streams in Argentina. Aquat. Ecol. 35:109-119.
STRIEDER, M; L RONCHI; C STENERT; R THORMANN SCHERER & U NEISS. 2006. Medidas biológicas e índices de qualidade da água de uma microbacia com poluição urbana e de curtumes no Sul do Brasil. Acta Biologica Leopondensia 28:17-24.
TER BRAAK, C & P SMILAUER. 2002. CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user’s guide: software for canonical community ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, NY, USA.
TIMM, H; M IVASK & T MÖLS. 2001. Response of macroinvertebrates and water quality to long-term decrease in organic pollution in some Estonian streams during 1990-1998. Hydrobiologia 464:153-164.
VAN DER GEEST, H; G GREVE; B SCHEPER; E DE HAAS; S STUIJFZAND; ET AL. 1998. Key factors limiting the distribution of sensitive aquatic insects species: effects of copper and diazinon on larvae of the caddisfly Hydropsyche angustipennis (Trichoptera). Proc. of the 9th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Pp. 117-122.
WINGER, P; P LASIER & K BOGENREIDER. 2005. Combined use of rapid bioassessment protocols and sediment quality triad to assess stream quality. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 100:267-295.
Descargas
Publicado
2012-08-01
Cómo citar
Ocon, C. S., & Rodrigues Capítulo, A. (2012). Evaluación de la calidad del agua mediante un enfoque múltiple en arroyos de la llanura templada (Argentina, América del Sur). Ecología Austral, 22(2), 081–091. Recuperado a partir de https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1251
Número
Sección
Artículos
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 Carolina S. Ocon, Alberto Rodrigues Capítulo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
Las/os autoras/es conservan sus derechos de autoras/es: 1) cediendo a la revista el derecho a su primera publicación, y 2) registrando el artículo publicado con una Licencia de Atribución de Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0), lo que permite a autoras/es y terceros verlo y utilizarlo siempre que mencionen claramente su origen (cita o referencia incluyendo autoría y primera publicación en esta revista). Las/os autores/as pueden hacer otros acuerdos de distribución no exclusiva siempre que indiquen con claridad su origen, así como compartir y divulgar ampliamente la versión publicada de su trabajo.
