¿Cómo afectan los nutrientes el uso del agua en plantas leñosas?
Palabras clave:
arquitectura hidráulica, transpiración, conductividad hidráulica, nitrógeno, fósforoResumen
En esta revisión se analiza la información disponible sobre los mecanismos mediante los cuales los nutrientes pueden afectar el uso de agua que realizan las plantas leñosas. Pueden modificarse el consumo de agua (e.g., consumo total por planta, tasa transpiratoria, eficiencia del uso del agua), las relaciones hídricas (e.g., ajuste osmótico, modificaciones en el potencial hídrico, modificaciones en el control estomático) o las características hidráulicas de las plantas (e.g., conductividad hidráulica de raíces, tallo, ramas). Se recopiló la información disponible desde los niveles subcelular, órgano, planta entera y población. Se concluye que la disponibilidad de nutrientes afecta el uso del agua a través de modificaciones en la arquitectura hidráulica en cada nivel de organización, que pueden resultar en diferente consumo de agua a nivel de individuo y población. La variedad de modificaciones posibles hace que resulte difícil predecir el resultado del cambio en la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el uso del agua, ya que además de la interacción entre los recursos abióticos (i.e., agua y cada nutriente) hay que considerar las diferencias genotípicas en la capacidad de respuesta.
Citas
AMPONSAH, IG; VJ LIEFFERS; PG COMEAU & RP BROCKLEY. 2004. Growth response and sapwood hydraulic properties of young lodgepole pine following repeated fertilization. Tree Physiology 24:1099-1108.
ATWELL, BJ; ML HENERY & MC BALL. 2009. Does soil nitrogen influence growth, water transport and survival of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Sprengel.) under CO2 enrichment? Plant, Cell & Environment 32:553-566.
AZCÓN-BIETO, J & M TALÓN. 2000. Fundamentos de Fisiología Vegetal. Mc Graw-Hill/Interamericana de España - Edicions Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, España.
BABU, RC; MS PATHAN; A BLUM & HT NGUYEN. 1999. Comparison of measurement methods of osmotic adjustment in rice cultivars. Crop Science 39:150-158.
BAKKER, MR; E JOLICOEUR; P TRICHET; L AUGUSTO; C PLASSARD; ET AL. 2009. Adaptation of fine roots to annual fertilization and irrigation in a 13-year-old Pinus pinaster stand. Tree Physiol 29:229-238.
BINKLEY, D; JL STAPE & MG RYAN. 2004. Thinking about efficiency of resource use in forests. Forest Ecology and Management 193:5-16.
BUCCI, SJ; FG SCHOLZ; G GOLDSTEIN; FC MEINZER; AC FRANCO; ET AL. 2006. Nutrient availability constrains the hydraulic architecture and water relations of savannah trees. Plant, Cell and Environment 29: 2153-2167.
CABAÑERO, FJ & M CARVAJAL. 2007. Different cation stresses affect specifically osmotic root hydraulic conductance, involving aquaporins, ATPase and xylem loading of ions in Capsicum annuum L. plants. Journal of Plant Physiology 164:1300-1310.
CERNUSAK, LA; K WINTER & BL TURNER. 2009. Physiological and isotopic (δ13C and δ18O) responses of three tropical tree species to water and nutrient availability. Plant, Cell & Environment 32:1441-1455.
CLEARWATER, MJ & FC MEINZER. 2001. Relationships between hydraulic architecture and leaf photosynthetic capacity in nitrogen-fertilized Eucalyptus grandis trees. Tree Physiol 21:683-690.
CRAMER, M; H-J HAWKINS & G VERBOOM. 2009. The importance of nutritional regulation of plant water flux. Oecologia 161:15-24.
CRUIZIAT, P; H COCHARD & T AMEGLIO. 2002. Hydraulic architecture of trees: main concepts and results. Ann. For. Sci. 59:723-752.
DIGHTON, J; HE JONES & JM POSKITT. 1993. The use of nutrient bioassays to assess the response of Eucalyptus grandis to fertilizer application. 1. Interaction between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seedling nutrition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23:1-6.
DOMEC, JC; B LACHENBRUCH & FC MEINZER. 2006. Bordered pit structure and function determine spatial patterns of air-seeding thresholds in xylem of douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinaceae) trees. American Journal of Botany 93:1588-1600.
DURIEUX, RP; EJ KAMPRATH; WA JACKSON & RH MOLL. 1994. Root distribution of corn: the effect of nitrogen fertilization. Agronomy Journal 86:958-962.
EWERS, BE; R OREN & JS SPERRY. 2000. Influence of nutrient versus water supply on hydraulic architecture and water balance in Pinus taeda. Plant, Cell and Environment 23:1055-1066.
EWERS, BE; R OREN; TJ ALBAUGH & PM DOUGHERTY. 1999. Carry-over effects of water and nutrient supply on water use of Pinus taeda. Ecological Applications 9:513-525.
EWERS, BE; R OREN; N PHILLIPS; M STROMGREN & S LINDER. 2001. Mean canopy stomatal conductance responses to water and nutrient availabilities in Picea abies and Pinus taeda. Tree Physiol 21:841- 850.
FERNÁNDEZ, M; C NOVILLO & J PARDOS. 2006. Effects of water and nutrient availability in Pinus pinaster Ait. open pollinated families at an early age: growth, gas exchange and water relations. New Forests 31:321-342.
FERNÁNDEZ, RJ & JF REYNOLDS. 2000. Potential growth and drought tolerance of eight desert grasses: lack of a trade-off? Oecologia 123:90-98.
FISHER, R & D BINKLEY. 2000. Ecology and Management of forest soils: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
GEORGE, E; B SEITH; C SCHAEFFER & H MARSCHNER. 1997. Responses of Picea, Pinus and Pseudotsuga roots to heterogeneous nutrient distribution in soil. Tree Physiology 17:39-45.
GLOSER, V; K LIBERA & CM ORIANS. 2008. Contrasting below- and aboveground responses of two deciduous trees to patchy nitrate availability. Tree Physiology 28:37-44.
GLOSER, V; P SEDLÁČEK & J GLOSER. 2009. Consequences of nitrogen deficiency induced by low external N concentration and by patchy N supply in Picea abies and Thuja occidentalis. Trees - Structure and Function 23:1-9.
GLOSER, V; MA ZWIENIECKI; CM ORIANS & NM HOLBROOK. 2007. Dynamic changes in root hydraulic properties in response to nitrate availability. J. Exp. Bot. 58:2409-2415.
GORSKA, A; Q YE; NM HOLBROOK & MA ZWIENIECKI. 2008a. Nitrate control of root hydraulic properties in plants: translating local information to whole plant response. Plant Physiol. 148:1159-1167.
GORSKA, A; A ZWIENIECKA; N MICHELE HOLBROOK & M ZWIENIECKI. 2008b. Nitrate induction of root hydraulic conductivity in maize is not correlated with aquaporin expression. Planta 228(6):989- 998.
GRACIANO, C; JJ GUIAMET & JF GOYA. 2005. Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on drought responses in Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management 212:40-49.
GRACIANO, C; JJ GUIAMET & JF GOYA. 2006a. Fertilization and water stress interactions in young Eucalyptus grandis plants. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:1028-1034.
GRACIANO, C; JF GOYA; JL FRANGI & JJ GUIAMET. 2006b. Fertilization with phosphorus increases soil nitrogen absorption in young plants of Eucalyptus grandis. Forest Ecology and Management 236:202-210.
GRACIANO, C; E TAMBUSSI; E CASTÁN & J GUIAMET. 2009. Dry mass partitioning and nitrogen uptake by Eucalyptus grandis plants in response to localized or mixed application of phosphorus. Plant and Soil 319:175-184.
GREEN, TH & RJ MITCHELL. 1992. Effects of nitrogen on the response of loblolly pine to water stress I. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. New Phytologist 122:627-633.
GREEN, TH; RJ MITCHELL & DH GJERSTAD. 1994. Effects of nitrogen on the response of loblolly pine to drought. II. Biomass allocation and C:N balance. New Phytologist 128:145-152.
GUEHL, J-M; C FORT & A FERHI. 1995. Differential response of leaf conductance, carbon isotope discrimination and water-use efficiency to nitrogen deficiency in maritime pine and pedunculate oak plants. New Phytologist 131:149-157.
HARVEY, HP & R VAN DEN DRIESSCHE. 1997. Nutrition, xylem cavitation and drought resistance in hybrid poplar. Tree Physiol 17:647-654.
HARVEY, HP & R VAN DEN DRIESSCHE. 1999. Nitrogen and potassium effects on xylem cavitation and water-use efficiency in poplars. Tree Physiol 19:943-950.
HERMANS, C; JP HAMMOND; PJ WHITE & N VERBRUGGEN. 2006. How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation? Trends in Plant Science 11:610-617.
HODGE, A. 2006. Plastic plants and patchy soils. Journal of Experimental Botany 52:401-411.
HUTCHINGS, MJ & EA JOHN. 2004. The effects of environmental heterogeneity on root growth and root/shoot partitioning. Annals of Botany 94:1-8.
IMO, M & VR TIMMER. 1992. Growth, nutrient allocation and water relations of mesquite (Prosopis chilensis) seedlings at differing fertilization schedules. Forest Ecology and Management 55:279-294.
JUDD, TS; PM ATTIWILL & M ADAMS. 1996. Nutrient concentrations in Eucalyptus: a synthesis in relation to differences between taxa, sites and components. Pp. 123-153 en: Attiwill, PM & M Adams (eds.). Nutrition of Eucalypts. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing.
KLEINER, KW; MD ABRAMS & JC SCHULTZ. 1992. The impact of water and nutrient deficiencies on the growth, gas exchange and water relations of red oak and chestnut oak. Tree Physiology 11:271-287.
LI, Y-S; X-T MAO; Q-Y TIAN; L-H LI & W-H ZHANG. 2009. Phosphorus deficiency-induced reduction in root hydraulic conductivity in Medicago falcata is associated with ethylene production. Environmental and Experimental Botany 67:172- 177.
LINKOHR, BI; LC WILLIAMSON; AH FITTER & HMO LEYSER. 2002. Nitrate and phosphate availability and distribution have different effects on root system architecture of Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 29:751-760.
LÓPEZ-BUCIO, J; A CRUZ-RAMÍREZ & L HERRERA- ESTRELLA. 2003. The role of nutrient availability in regulating root architecture. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6:280-287.
LOVELOCK, CE; IC FELLER; KL MCKEE; BMJ ENGELBRECHT & MC BALL. 2004. The effect of nutrient enrichment on growth, photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance of dwarf mangroves in Panamá. Functional Ecology 18:25-33.
LOVELOCK, CE; MC BALL; IC FELLER; BMJ ENGELBRECHT & M LING EWE. 2006a. Variation in hydraulic conductivity of mangroves: Influence of species, salinity, and nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Physiologia Plantarum 127:457-464.
LOVELOCK, CE; IC FELLER; MC BALL; BMJ ENGELBRECHT & ML EWE. 2006b. Differences in plant function in phosphorus- and nitrogen-limited mangrove ecosystems. New Phytologist 172:514-522.
LOVELOCK, CE; MC BALL; B CHOAT; BMJ ENGELBRECHT; NM HOLBROOK; ET AL. 2006c. Linking physiological processes with mangrove forest structure: Phosphorus deficiency limits canopy development, hydraulic conductivity and photosynthetic carbon gain in dwarf Rhizophora mangle. Plant, Cell and Environment 29:793-802.
MARSCHNER, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
MASEDA, PH & RJ FERNÁNDEZ. 2006. Stay wet or else: three ways in which plants can adjust hydraulically to their environment. J. Exp. Bot. 57:3963-3977.
MCDOWELL, N; WT POCKMAN; CD ALLEN; DD BRESHEARS; N COBB; ET AL. 2008. Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytologist 178:719-739.
MCELRONE, AJ; J BICHLER; WT POCKMAN; RN ADDINGTON; CR LINDER; ET AL. 2007. Aquaporin-mediated changes in hydraulic conductivity of deep tree roots accessed via caves. Plant, Cell and Environment 30:1411-1421.
NEUMANN, G; T GEORGE & C PLASSARD. 2009. Strategies and methods for studying the rhizosphere - the plant science toolbox. Plant and Soil 321:431-456.
NEVES, JCL; JM GOMES & RF NOVAIS. 1990. Fertilizaçao mineral de mudas de Eucalipto. Pp. 99-126 em: Barros, NF & RF Novais (eds.). Relaçao solo-eucalipto. Viçosa: Editora Folha de Viçosa.
PATTERSON, TB; RD GUY & QL DANG. 1997. Whole- plant nitrogen- and water-relations traits, and their associated trade-offs, in adjacent muskeg and upland boreal spruce species. Oecologia 110: 160-168.
PHILLIPS, N; J BERGH; R OREN & S LINDER. 2001. Effects of nutrition and soil water availability on water use in a Norway spruce stand. Tree Physiol 21:851-860.
RADIN, JW & LL PARKER. 1979a. Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: II. Environmental interactions on stomata. Plant Physiol. 64:499-501.
RADIN, JW & LL PARKER. 1979b. Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: I. Dependence upon leaf structure. Plant Physiol. 64:495-498.
RADIN, JW & JS BOYER. 1982. Control of leaf expansion by nitrogen nutrition in sunflower plants: role of hydraulic conductivity and turgor. Plant Physiol. 69:771-775.
RADIN, JW & MP EIDENBOCK. 1984. Hydraulic conductance as a factor limiting leaf expansion of phosphorus-deficient cotton plants. Plant Physiol. 75:372-377.
REICH, PB; MB WALTERS & TJ TABONE. 1989. Response of Ulmus americana seedlings to varying nitrogen and water status. 2 Water and nitrogen use efficiency in photosynthesis. Tree Physiology 5: 173-184.
SALISBURY, FB & CW ROSS. 1994. Fisiología Vegetal. México: Grupo Editorial Iberoamérica. Samuelson, LJ, TA Stokes. 2006. Transpiration and canopy stomatal conductance of 5-year-old loblolly pine in response to intensive management. Forest Science 52:313-323.
SAMUELSON, LJ; TA STOKES & MD COLEMAN. 2007. Influence of irrigation and fertilization on transpiration and hydraulic properties of Populus deltoides. Tree Physiology 27:765-774.
SAMUELSON, LJ; MG FARRIS; TA STOKES & MD COLEMAN. 2008a. Fertilization but not irrigation influences hydraulic traits in plantation-grown loblolly pine. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 3331-3339.
SAMUELSON, LJ; J BUTNOR; C MAIER; TA STOKES; K JOHNSEN; ET AL. 2008b. Growth and physiology of loblolly pine in response to long-term resource management: Defining growth potential in the southern United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:721-732.
SANDS, R & DR MULLIGAN. 1990. Water and nutrient dynamics and tree growth. Forest Ecology and Management 30:91-111.
SCHOLZ, FG; SJ BUCCI; G GOLDSTEIN; FC MEINZER; AC FRANCO; ET AL. 2007. Removal of nutrient limitations by long-term fertilization decreases nocturnal water loss in savanna trees. Tree Physiol. 27:551-559.
SMITH, KT & WC SHORTLE. 2001. Conservation of element concentration in xylem sap of red spruce. Trees 15:148-153.
STAPE, JL; D BINKLEY & MG RYAN. 2004. Eucalyptus production and the supply, use and efficiency of use of water, light and nitrogen across a geographic gradient in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 193:17-31.
STONEMAN, GL; DS CROMBIE; K WHITFORD; FJ HINGSTON; R GILES; ET AL. 1996. Growth and water relations of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) stands in response to thinning and fertilization. Tree Physiology 16:267-274.
TAIZ, L &E ZEIGER. 2003. Plant physiology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
TYREE, MC; JR SEILER & CA MAIER. 2009. Short-term impacts of nutrient manipulations on leaf gas exchange and biomass partitioning in contrasting 2-year-old Pinus taeda clones during seedling establishment. Forest Ecology and Management 257:1847-1858.
VANDELEUR, RK; G MAYO; MC SHELDEN; M GILLIHAM; BN KAISER; ET AL. 2009. The role of plasma membrane intrinsic protein aquaporins in water transport through roots: diurnal and drought stress responses reveal different strategies between isohydric and anisohydric cultivars of grapevine. Plant Physiol. 149:445-460.
VILELA, AE; MJ RENNELLA & DA RAVETTA. 2003. Responses of tree-type and shrub-type Prosopis (Mimosaceae) taxa to water and nitrogen availabilities. Forest Ecology and Management 186: 327-337.
WALTER, A; R FEIL & U SCHURR. 2003. Expansion dynamics, metabolite composition and substance transfer of the primary root growth zone of Zea mays L. grown in different external nutrient availabilities. Plant, Cell & Environment 26:1451-1466.
WELANDER, NT & B OTTOSSON. 2000. The influence of low light, drought and fertilization on transpiration and growth in young seedlings of Quercus robur L. Forest Ecology and Management 127:139-151.
WULLSCHLEGER, SD; FC MEINZER & RA VERTESSY. 1998. A review of whole-plant water use studies in trees. Tree Physiology 18:499-512.
ZHANG, H & BG FORDE. 2000. Regulation of Arabidopsis root development by nitrate availability. Journal of Experimental Botany 51:51-59.
ZHANG, H; H RONG & D PILBEAM. 2007. Signalling mechanisms underlying the morphological responses of the root system to nitrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany 58:2329-2338.
ZWIENIECKI, MA; PJ MELCHER & MN HOLBROOK. 2001. Hydrogel control of xylem hydraulic resistance in plants. Science 291:1059-1062.
ATWELL, BJ; ML HENERY & MC BALL. 2009. Does soil nitrogen influence growth, water transport and survival of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Sprengel.) under CO2 enrichment? Plant, Cell & Environment 32:553-566.
AZCÓN-BIETO, J & M TALÓN. 2000. Fundamentos de Fisiología Vegetal. Mc Graw-Hill/Interamericana de España - Edicions Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, España.
BABU, RC; MS PATHAN; A BLUM & HT NGUYEN. 1999. Comparison of measurement methods of osmotic adjustment in rice cultivars. Crop Science 39:150-158.
BAKKER, MR; E JOLICOEUR; P TRICHET; L AUGUSTO; C PLASSARD; ET AL. 2009. Adaptation of fine roots to annual fertilization and irrigation in a 13-year-old Pinus pinaster stand. Tree Physiol 29:229-238.
BINKLEY, D; JL STAPE & MG RYAN. 2004. Thinking about efficiency of resource use in forests. Forest Ecology and Management 193:5-16.
BUCCI, SJ; FG SCHOLZ; G GOLDSTEIN; FC MEINZER; AC FRANCO; ET AL. 2006. Nutrient availability constrains the hydraulic architecture and water relations of savannah trees. Plant, Cell and Environment 29: 2153-2167.
CABAÑERO, FJ & M CARVAJAL. 2007. Different cation stresses affect specifically osmotic root hydraulic conductance, involving aquaporins, ATPase and xylem loading of ions in Capsicum annuum L. plants. Journal of Plant Physiology 164:1300-1310.
CERNUSAK, LA; K WINTER & BL TURNER. 2009. Physiological and isotopic (δ13C and δ18O) responses of three tropical tree species to water and nutrient availability. Plant, Cell & Environment 32:1441-1455.
CLEARWATER, MJ & FC MEINZER. 2001. Relationships between hydraulic architecture and leaf photosynthetic capacity in nitrogen-fertilized Eucalyptus grandis trees. Tree Physiol 21:683-690.
CRAMER, M; H-J HAWKINS & G VERBOOM. 2009. The importance of nutritional regulation of plant water flux. Oecologia 161:15-24.
CRUIZIAT, P; H COCHARD & T AMEGLIO. 2002. Hydraulic architecture of trees: main concepts and results. Ann. For. Sci. 59:723-752.
DIGHTON, J; HE JONES & JM POSKITT. 1993. The use of nutrient bioassays to assess the response of Eucalyptus grandis to fertilizer application. 1. Interaction between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seedling nutrition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23:1-6.
DOMEC, JC; B LACHENBRUCH & FC MEINZER. 2006. Bordered pit structure and function determine spatial patterns of air-seeding thresholds in xylem of douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinaceae) trees. American Journal of Botany 93:1588-1600.
DURIEUX, RP; EJ KAMPRATH; WA JACKSON & RH MOLL. 1994. Root distribution of corn: the effect of nitrogen fertilization. Agronomy Journal 86:958-962.
EWERS, BE; R OREN & JS SPERRY. 2000. Influence of nutrient versus water supply on hydraulic architecture and water balance in Pinus taeda. Plant, Cell and Environment 23:1055-1066.
EWERS, BE; R OREN; TJ ALBAUGH & PM DOUGHERTY. 1999. Carry-over effects of water and nutrient supply on water use of Pinus taeda. Ecological Applications 9:513-525.
EWERS, BE; R OREN; N PHILLIPS; M STROMGREN & S LINDER. 2001. Mean canopy stomatal conductance responses to water and nutrient availabilities in Picea abies and Pinus taeda. Tree Physiol 21:841- 850.
FERNÁNDEZ, M; C NOVILLO & J PARDOS. 2006. Effects of water and nutrient availability in Pinus pinaster Ait. open pollinated families at an early age: growth, gas exchange and water relations. New Forests 31:321-342.
FERNÁNDEZ, RJ & JF REYNOLDS. 2000. Potential growth and drought tolerance of eight desert grasses: lack of a trade-off? Oecologia 123:90-98.
FISHER, R & D BINKLEY. 2000. Ecology and Management of forest soils: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
GEORGE, E; B SEITH; C SCHAEFFER & H MARSCHNER. 1997. Responses of Picea, Pinus and Pseudotsuga roots to heterogeneous nutrient distribution in soil. Tree Physiology 17:39-45.
GLOSER, V; K LIBERA & CM ORIANS. 2008. Contrasting below- and aboveground responses of two deciduous trees to patchy nitrate availability. Tree Physiology 28:37-44.
GLOSER, V; P SEDLÁČEK & J GLOSER. 2009. Consequences of nitrogen deficiency induced by low external N concentration and by patchy N supply in Picea abies and Thuja occidentalis. Trees - Structure and Function 23:1-9.
GLOSER, V; MA ZWIENIECKI; CM ORIANS & NM HOLBROOK. 2007. Dynamic changes in root hydraulic properties in response to nitrate availability. J. Exp. Bot. 58:2409-2415.
GORSKA, A; Q YE; NM HOLBROOK & MA ZWIENIECKI. 2008a. Nitrate control of root hydraulic properties in plants: translating local information to whole plant response. Plant Physiol. 148:1159-1167.
GORSKA, A; A ZWIENIECKA; N MICHELE HOLBROOK & M ZWIENIECKI. 2008b. Nitrate induction of root hydraulic conductivity in maize is not correlated with aquaporin expression. Planta 228(6):989- 998.
GRACIANO, C; JJ GUIAMET & JF GOYA. 2005. Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on drought responses in Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management 212:40-49.
GRACIANO, C; JJ GUIAMET & JF GOYA. 2006a. Fertilization and water stress interactions in young Eucalyptus grandis plants. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:1028-1034.
GRACIANO, C; JF GOYA; JL FRANGI & JJ GUIAMET. 2006b. Fertilization with phosphorus increases soil nitrogen absorption in young plants of Eucalyptus grandis. Forest Ecology and Management 236:202-210.
GRACIANO, C; E TAMBUSSI; E CASTÁN & J GUIAMET. 2009. Dry mass partitioning and nitrogen uptake by Eucalyptus grandis plants in response to localized or mixed application of phosphorus. Plant and Soil 319:175-184.
GREEN, TH & RJ MITCHELL. 1992. Effects of nitrogen on the response of loblolly pine to water stress I. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. New Phytologist 122:627-633.
GREEN, TH; RJ MITCHELL & DH GJERSTAD. 1994. Effects of nitrogen on the response of loblolly pine to drought. II. Biomass allocation and C:N balance. New Phytologist 128:145-152.
GUEHL, J-M; C FORT & A FERHI. 1995. Differential response of leaf conductance, carbon isotope discrimination and water-use efficiency to nitrogen deficiency in maritime pine and pedunculate oak plants. New Phytologist 131:149-157.
HARVEY, HP & R VAN DEN DRIESSCHE. 1997. Nutrition, xylem cavitation and drought resistance in hybrid poplar. Tree Physiol 17:647-654.
HARVEY, HP & R VAN DEN DRIESSCHE. 1999. Nitrogen and potassium effects on xylem cavitation and water-use efficiency in poplars. Tree Physiol 19:943-950.
HERMANS, C; JP HAMMOND; PJ WHITE & N VERBRUGGEN. 2006. How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation? Trends in Plant Science 11:610-617.
HODGE, A. 2006. Plastic plants and patchy soils. Journal of Experimental Botany 52:401-411.
HUTCHINGS, MJ & EA JOHN. 2004. The effects of environmental heterogeneity on root growth and root/shoot partitioning. Annals of Botany 94:1-8.
IMO, M & VR TIMMER. 1992. Growth, nutrient allocation and water relations of mesquite (Prosopis chilensis) seedlings at differing fertilization schedules. Forest Ecology and Management 55:279-294.
JUDD, TS; PM ATTIWILL & M ADAMS. 1996. Nutrient concentrations in Eucalyptus: a synthesis in relation to differences between taxa, sites and components. Pp. 123-153 en: Attiwill, PM & M Adams (eds.). Nutrition of Eucalypts. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing.
KLEINER, KW; MD ABRAMS & JC SCHULTZ. 1992. The impact of water and nutrient deficiencies on the growth, gas exchange and water relations of red oak and chestnut oak. Tree Physiology 11:271-287.
LI, Y-S; X-T MAO; Q-Y TIAN; L-H LI & W-H ZHANG. 2009. Phosphorus deficiency-induced reduction in root hydraulic conductivity in Medicago falcata is associated with ethylene production. Environmental and Experimental Botany 67:172- 177.
LINKOHR, BI; LC WILLIAMSON; AH FITTER & HMO LEYSER. 2002. Nitrate and phosphate availability and distribution have different effects on root system architecture of Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 29:751-760.
LÓPEZ-BUCIO, J; A CRUZ-RAMÍREZ & L HERRERA- ESTRELLA. 2003. The role of nutrient availability in regulating root architecture. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6:280-287.
LOVELOCK, CE; IC FELLER; KL MCKEE; BMJ ENGELBRECHT & MC BALL. 2004. The effect of nutrient enrichment on growth, photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance of dwarf mangroves in Panamá. Functional Ecology 18:25-33.
LOVELOCK, CE; MC BALL; IC FELLER; BMJ ENGELBRECHT & M LING EWE. 2006a. Variation in hydraulic conductivity of mangroves: Influence of species, salinity, and nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Physiologia Plantarum 127:457-464.
LOVELOCK, CE; IC FELLER; MC BALL; BMJ ENGELBRECHT & ML EWE. 2006b. Differences in plant function in phosphorus- and nitrogen-limited mangrove ecosystems. New Phytologist 172:514-522.
LOVELOCK, CE; MC BALL; B CHOAT; BMJ ENGELBRECHT; NM HOLBROOK; ET AL. 2006c. Linking physiological processes with mangrove forest structure: Phosphorus deficiency limits canopy development, hydraulic conductivity and photosynthetic carbon gain in dwarf Rhizophora mangle. Plant, Cell and Environment 29:793-802.
MARSCHNER, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
MASEDA, PH & RJ FERNÁNDEZ. 2006. Stay wet or else: three ways in which plants can adjust hydraulically to their environment. J. Exp. Bot. 57:3963-3977.
MCDOWELL, N; WT POCKMAN; CD ALLEN; DD BRESHEARS; N COBB; ET AL. 2008. Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytologist 178:719-739.
MCELRONE, AJ; J BICHLER; WT POCKMAN; RN ADDINGTON; CR LINDER; ET AL. 2007. Aquaporin-mediated changes in hydraulic conductivity of deep tree roots accessed via caves. Plant, Cell and Environment 30:1411-1421.
NEUMANN, G; T GEORGE & C PLASSARD. 2009. Strategies and methods for studying the rhizosphere - the plant science toolbox. Plant and Soil 321:431-456.
NEVES, JCL; JM GOMES & RF NOVAIS. 1990. Fertilizaçao mineral de mudas de Eucalipto. Pp. 99-126 em: Barros, NF & RF Novais (eds.). Relaçao solo-eucalipto. Viçosa: Editora Folha de Viçosa.
PATTERSON, TB; RD GUY & QL DANG. 1997. Whole- plant nitrogen- and water-relations traits, and their associated trade-offs, in adjacent muskeg and upland boreal spruce species. Oecologia 110: 160-168.
PHILLIPS, N; J BERGH; R OREN & S LINDER. 2001. Effects of nutrition and soil water availability on water use in a Norway spruce stand. Tree Physiol 21:851-860.
RADIN, JW & LL PARKER. 1979a. Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: II. Environmental interactions on stomata. Plant Physiol. 64:499-501.
RADIN, JW & LL PARKER. 1979b. Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: I. Dependence upon leaf structure. Plant Physiol. 64:495-498.
RADIN, JW & JS BOYER. 1982. Control of leaf expansion by nitrogen nutrition in sunflower plants: role of hydraulic conductivity and turgor. Plant Physiol. 69:771-775.
RADIN, JW & MP EIDENBOCK. 1984. Hydraulic conductance as a factor limiting leaf expansion of phosphorus-deficient cotton plants. Plant Physiol. 75:372-377.
REICH, PB; MB WALTERS & TJ TABONE. 1989. Response of Ulmus americana seedlings to varying nitrogen and water status. 2 Water and nitrogen use efficiency in photosynthesis. Tree Physiology 5: 173-184.
SALISBURY, FB & CW ROSS. 1994. Fisiología Vegetal. México: Grupo Editorial Iberoamérica. Samuelson, LJ, TA Stokes. 2006. Transpiration and canopy stomatal conductance of 5-year-old loblolly pine in response to intensive management. Forest Science 52:313-323.
SAMUELSON, LJ; TA STOKES & MD COLEMAN. 2007. Influence of irrigation and fertilization on transpiration and hydraulic properties of Populus deltoides. Tree Physiology 27:765-774.
SAMUELSON, LJ; MG FARRIS; TA STOKES & MD COLEMAN. 2008a. Fertilization but not irrigation influences hydraulic traits in plantation-grown loblolly pine. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 3331-3339.
SAMUELSON, LJ; J BUTNOR; C MAIER; TA STOKES; K JOHNSEN; ET AL. 2008b. Growth and physiology of loblolly pine in response to long-term resource management: Defining growth potential in the southern United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:721-732.
SANDS, R & DR MULLIGAN. 1990. Water and nutrient dynamics and tree growth. Forest Ecology and Management 30:91-111.
SCHOLZ, FG; SJ BUCCI; G GOLDSTEIN; FC MEINZER; AC FRANCO; ET AL. 2007. Removal of nutrient limitations by long-term fertilization decreases nocturnal water loss in savanna trees. Tree Physiol. 27:551-559.
SMITH, KT & WC SHORTLE. 2001. Conservation of element concentration in xylem sap of red spruce. Trees 15:148-153.
STAPE, JL; D BINKLEY & MG RYAN. 2004. Eucalyptus production and the supply, use and efficiency of use of water, light and nitrogen across a geographic gradient in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 193:17-31.
STONEMAN, GL; DS CROMBIE; K WHITFORD; FJ HINGSTON; R GILES; ET AL. 1996. Growth and water relations of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) stands in response to thinning and fertilization. Tree Physiology 16:267-274.
TAIZ, L &E ZEIGER. 2003. Plant physiology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
TYREE, MC; JR SEILER & CA MAIER. 2009. Short-term impacts of nutrient manipulations on leaf gas exchange and biomass partitioning in contrasting 2-year-old Pinus taeda clones during seedling establishment. Forest Ecology and Management 257:1847-1858.
VANDELEUR, RK; G MAYO; MC SHELDEN; M GILLIHAM; BN KAISER; ET AL. 2009. The role of plasma membrane intrinsic protein aquaporins in water transport through roots: diurnal and drought stress responses reveal different strategies between isohydric and anisohydric cultivars of grapevine. Plant Physiol. 149:445-460.
VILELA, AE; MJ RENNELLA & DA RAVETTA. 2003. Responses of tree-type and shrub-type Prosopis (Mimosaceae) taxa to water and nitrogen availabilities. Forest Ecology and Management 186: 327-337.
WALTER, A; R FEIL & U SCHURR. 2003. Expansion dynamics, metabolite composition and substance transfer of the primary root growth zone of Zea mays L. grown in different external nutrient availabilities. Plant, Cell & Environment 26:1451-1466.
WELANDER, NT & B OTTOSSON. 2000. The influence of low light, drought and fertilization on transpiration and growth in young seedlings of Quercus robur L. Forest Ecology and Management 127:139-151.
WULLSCHLEGER, SD; FC MEINZER & RA VERTESSY. 1998. A review of whole-plant water use studies in trees. Tree Physiology 18:499-512.
ZHANG, H & BG FORDE. 2000. Regulation of Arabidopsis root development by nitrate availability. Journal of Experimental Botany 51:51-59.
ZHANG, H; H RONG & D PILBEAM. 2007. Signalling mechanisms underlying the morphological responses of the root system to nitrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany 58:2329-2338.
ZWIENIECKI, MA; PJ MELCHER & MN HOLBROOK. 2001. Hydrogel control of xylem hydraulic resistance in plants. Science 291:1059-1062.
Descargas
Publicado
2011-12-01
Cómo citar
Faustino, L. I., Graciano, C., Gortari, F., & Guiamet, J. J. (2011). ¿Cómo afectan los nutrientes el uso del agua en plantas leñosas?. Ecología Austral, 21(3), 233–250. Recuperado a partir de https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1269
Número
Sección
Sección Especial
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2011 Laura I. Faustino, Corina Graciano, Fermín Gortari, Juan J. Guiamet
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
Las/os autoras/es conservan sus derechos de autoras/es: 1) cediendo a la revista el derecho a su primera publicación, y 2) registrando el artículo publicado con una Licencia de Atribución de Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0), lo que permite a autoras/es y terceros verlo y utilizarlo siempre que mencionen claramente su origen (cita o referencia incluyendo autoría y primera publicación en esta revista). Las/os autores/as pueden hacer otros acuerdos de distribución no exclusiva siempre que indiquen con claridad su origen, así como compartir y divulgar ampliamente la versión publicada de su trabajo.
