Estructura y dinámica de tramas tróficas en sistemas acuáticos andino-norpatagónicos: relaciones con la materia orgánica, la luz y los nutrientes
Palabras clave:
bacterioplancton, fitoplancton, zooplancton, peces, insectos, lagos y ríosResumen
Los sistemas acuáticos de Patagonia incluyen lagos oligotróficos tanto profundos como someros con una importante red hidrográfica. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de la información surgida a partir de los trabajos de investigación en redes tróficas de sistemas acuáticos de Patagonia realizados durante la última década. Los estudios se basaron sobre muestreos de campo, experimentos en campo y laboratorio. Los lagos profundos y someros fueron estudiados en relación a la luz, materia orgánica y las restricciones en la disponibilidad de nutrientes como factores limitantes. Por otra parte, también hemos incluido en nuestros estudios a las redes tróficas de arroyos andinos, y analizamos las interacciones tróficas tanto en las vías autotróficas como las heterotróficas. Los sistemas andinos han sido definidos como sistemas de elevada relación luz:nutrientes, y bajo estas condiciones se generan altas relaciones C:P que resultan en redes tróficas caracterizadas por una baja calidad de recursos para los herbívoros. Nosotros analizamos entonces cómo esta baja calidad de alimento restringe la distribución de zoopláncteres y cómo afecta a éstos a nivel celular. En los lagos someros las macrófitas resultaron ser importante en la contribución de sustancia orgánica disuelta. Por otra parte, la zona litoral ofrece mayores recursos alimentarios y refugio a la depredación. Finalmente, analizamos el impacto de la introducción de salmónidos en tramas tróficas de lagos someros y ríos de cabecera.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Beatriz Modenutti, Ricardo Albariño, Marcela Bastidas Navarro, Verónica Díaz Villanueva, María Sol Souza, Carolina Trochine, Cecilia Laspoumaderes, Florencia Cuassolo, Gustavo Mariluán, Leonardo Buria, Esteban Balseiro
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