Concentraciones de metales pesados en distintos compartimentos de lagos andinos de Patagonia Norte
Palabras clave:
elementos traza, sedimentos, agua, plancton, macroinvertebrados, peces, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Parque Nacional Los AlercesResumen
Los elementos traza, que incluyen a los metales pesados, llegan a los ecosistemas acuáticos desde fuentes naturales y antrópicas. Los metales pesados se encuentran entre los contaminantes ambientales más importantes debido a su toxicidad, permanencia y tendencia a acumularse en los organismos acuáticos, por lo que su estudio es necesario por el riesgo ambiental que representan. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados más relevantes en relación a los niveles de metales pesados existentes en diferentes compartimentos de lagos del noroeste de Patagonia. Los estudios realizados determinaron concentraciones de elementos traza en testigos sedimentarios, sedimentos suspendidos, agua, plancton, macroinvertebrados y músculo e hígado de peces. En términos generales, los niveles de metales pesados en los distintos compartimentos fueron similares a los valores medidos en otros ambientes de agua dulce. La excepción la constituyen el mercurio y la plata, que presentan enriquecimientos superiores a los niveles de línea de base de la zona en las últimas décadas. En el caso de la plata fueron observadas mayores concentraciones en sitios cercanos a los asentamientos humanos, y en algunos casos alcanzaron valores correspondientes a situaciones de contaminación moderada. En ningún caso, la acumulación de metales en músculo de peces superó los límites considerados para el consumo humano. Esta revisión permite identificar niveles de referencia y evaluar la tendencia del impacto antrópico, aportando información de base para futuros monitoreos de los ambientes lacustres de la región.
Citas
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ARRIBÉRE, MA; S RIBEIRO GUEVARA; DF BUBACH & PH VIGLIANO. 2006. Trace elements as fingerprint of lake of provenance and of species of some native and exotic fish of northern patagonian lakes. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 110:71-95.
ARRIBÉRE, MA; S RIBEIRO GUEVARA; DF BUBACH; M ARCAGNI & PH VIGLIANO. 2008. Selenium and mercury in native and introduced fish species of patagonian lakes, Argentina. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 122:43-63.
ARRIBÉRE, MA; L CAMPBELL; AP RIZZO; M ARCAGNI; J REVENGA; ET AL. 2010. Trace elements in plankton, benthic organisms and forage fish of lake Moreno, Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Water Air Soil Pollut., doi: 10.1007/s11270-010-0330-3.
AZCUE, JM; A MUDROCH; F ROSA; GEM HALL; TA JACKSON: ET AL. 1995. Trace elements in water, sediments, porewater, and biota polluted by tailings from an abandoned gold mine in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 52:25-34.
BAIGÚN, C & MC MARINONE. 1995. Cold-temperate lakes of South America: do they fit northern hemisphere models? Arch. Hydrobiol., 135:23-51.
BAUCH, NJ. 2007. Selenium and mercury concentrations in fish, Wolford Mountain Reservoir, Colorado, 2005. USGS Report 2007- 5019.
BRAUNE, B; D MUIR; B DEMARCH; C GAMBERG; K POOLE; ET AL. 1999. Canadian Arctic freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems: a review. Sci. Total Environ., 230:145-207.
BUBACH, DF. 2010. Elementos traza en peces de los lagos patagónicos: línea de base, distribución global e impacto antrópico. Tesis doctoral. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
BUBACH, DF; MA ARRIBÉRE; S RIBEIRO GUEVARA & S CALVELO. 2001. Study on the feasibility of using transplanted Protousnea magellanica thalli as a bioindicator of atmospheric contamination. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 250:63-68.
CHEN, CY; RS STEMBERGER; B KLAUE; JD BLUM; C PICKHARDT; ET AL. 2000. Accumulation of heavy metals in food web components across a gradient of lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr., 45:1525-1536.
CHIRINOS, L; R URRUTIA; N FAGEL; S BERTRAND; N GAMBOA; ET AL. 2005. Chemical profiles in lake sediments in Laguna Chica de San Pedro (Bio-Bio Region, Chile). J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 50:697-710.
CÓDIGO ALIMENTARIO ARGENTINO. (Ley 18.284, reglamentada por el Decreto 2126/71, Anexo I).
DUFFUS, JH. 2002. “Heavy metals”- A meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure. Appl. Chem., 74:793-807.
ELMACI, A; A TEKSO; FO TOPAÇ; N ÖZENGIN; S KURTOÐLU; ET AL. 2007. Assessment of heavy metals in Lake Uluabat, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology 6:2236-2244.
FICHET, D; G BOUCHER; G RADENAC & P MIRAMAND. 1999. Concentration and mobilisation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by meiofauna populations living in harbour sediment: their role in the heavy metal flux from sediment to food web. Sci. Total. Environ., 243/244:263-272.
HARIKUMAR, PS; UP NASIR & MP MUJEEBU RAHMAN. 2009. Distribution of heavy metals in the core sediments of a tropical wetland system. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6:225-232.
HEINEN, JM. 1995. Water quality criteria, uptake, bioaccumulation, and public health considerations for chemicals of possible concern in West Virginia mine waters used for culture of rainbow trout. Pp 50 en: Wade, EM & RM Jenkins (ed.). The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute. West Virginia, USA.
INDEC. 2001. Censo nacional de población y vivienda.
KESTELMAN, AJ; G ROMÁN ROSS; MA ARRIBÉRE & S RIBEIRO GUEVARA. 1997. Heavy Metals and Rare Earth Geochemistry in Unpolluted and Contaminated Areas of the Nahuel Huapi National Park, Río Negro, Argentina. Final Report Project 8409/RB, International Atomic Energy Agency.
LEÓN, RJC; D BRAN; M COLLANTES, JM PARUELO & A SORIANO.1998. Grandes unidades de vegetación de la Patagonia extra andina. Ecología Austral, 8: 125-144.
MACCHI, PJ; MA PASCUAL & PH VIGLIANO. 2007. Differential piscivory of the native Percichtys trucha and exotic salmonids upon the native forage fish Galaxias maculatu in Patagonian Andean lakes. Limnologica, 37:76-87.
MARKERT, B; F PEDROZO; W GELLER; K FRIESE; S KORHAMMER; ET AL. 1997. A contribution to the study of the heavy-metal and nutritional element status of some lakes in the southern Andes of Patagonia (Argentina). Sci. Total. Environ., 206:1-15.
MODENUTTI, BE; E BALSEIRO; MC DIÉGUEZ; C QUEIMALIÑOS & R ALBARIÑO. 1998. Heterogeneity of fresh-water Patagonian ecosystems. Ecología Austral, 8:155-165
MOREL, FMM; AML KRAEPIEL & M AMYOT. 1998. The chemical cycle and bioaccumulation of mercury. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29:543-66.
MOUNE, S; P GAUTHIER; S GIASLASON & O SIGMARSSON. 2006. Trace element degassing and enrichment in the eruptive plume of the 2000 eruption of Hekla volcano, Iceland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 70:461-479.
PARUELO, JM; A BELTRÁN; E JOBBÁGY; OE SALA & RA GOLLUSCIO.1998. The climate of Patagonia: General patterns and controls on biotic processes. Ecología Austral, 8:85-101.
PEREZ CATÁN, S; M ARRIBÉRE & R SÁNCHEZ. 2003. Mercury in water. Cap IV. Investigation of mercury and other heavy metals in water bodies of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentine Patagonic Andean Range. Baselines determination, trophic web pathways investigation, and contamination source identification. Final report IAEA Technical Co-operation Project ARG/7/006.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; M ARRIBÉRE; S CALVELO & G ROMÁN ROSS. 1995. Elemental composition of lichens at Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 198:437-448.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2002. 137Cs dating of sedimentary cores from lakes of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina: historical records and profile measurements. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 252:37-45.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; J MASSAFERRO; G VILLAROSA; MA ARRIBÉRE & A RIZZO. 2002. Heavy metal contamination in sediments of lake Nahuel Huapi, Nahuel Huapi National Park, Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Water Air Soil. Pollut., 137:21-44.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; A RIZZO; R. SÁNCHEZ & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2003. 210Pb fluxes in sediment layers sampled from Northern Patagonia lakes, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 258:583-595.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; D BUBACH & M ARRIBÉRE. 2004a. Mercury in Lichens of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 261:679-687.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; DF BUBACH; PH VIGLIANO; G LIPPOLT & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2004b. Heavy metals and other trace elements in native mussel Diplodon chilensis from Northern Patagonian lakes, Argentina. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 102:245-63.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; MA ARRIBÉRE; DF BUBACH; PH VIGLIANO; AP RIZZO; ET AL. 2005a. Silver contamination on abiotic and biotic compartments of Nahuel Huapi National Park lakes, Patagonia, Argentina. Sci. Total Environ., 336:119-134.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; A RIZZO; R SÁNCHEZ & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2005b. Heavy metal inputs in Northern Patagonia lakes from short sediment cores analysis. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 265:481-493.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; M MEILI; A RIZZO; R. DAGA & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2010. Sediment records of highly variable mercury inputs to ultraoligotrophic mountain lakes in Patagonia during the past millennium. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10:3443-3453.
ROMÁN ROSS, G; S RIBEIRO GUEVARA & MA ARRIBÉRE. 1997. Evaluation of natural processes and human inputs on riverine sediments at Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina. Proc. of the IV ENAN. Poços das Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
SEMPLE, KT; KJ DOICK; KC JONES; P BURAUEL; A CRAVEN; ET AL. 2004. Defining bioavailability and bioaccessibility of contaminated soil and sediment is complicated. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38:228A-231A.
SENASA. Tolerancia en el tenor de metales y metaloides. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria. Decreto 4238/68. 17.4 y 23.14.8. Res. 533-10.05.94.
SEPÚLVEDA, F; K DORSCH; A LAHSEN; S BENDER & C PALACIOS. 2004. Chemical and isotopic composition of geothermal discharges from the Puyehue- Cordón Caulle area (40.5° S), Southern Chile. Geothermics, 33:655-673.
STAFFORD, CP & TA HAINES. 1997. Mercury concentrations in Maine sport fishes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 126:144-152
STERN, C. 2004. Active Andean volcanism: its geologic and tectonic setting. Revista Geológica de Chile, 31:161-206.
TEMPORETTI, PF & FL PEDROZO. 2001. Phosphorous release rates from freshwater sediments affected by fish farming. Aquaculture Res., 31:447-455.
TULONEN, T; M PIHLSTRÖM; L ARVOLA & M RASK. 2006. Concentrations of heavy metals in food web components of small, boreal lakes. Boreal. Env. Res., 11:185-194.
URRUTIA, R; M YEVENES & R BARRA. 2002. Determinación de los niveles basales de metales traza en sedimentos de tres lagos andinos de Chile: Lagos Chungará, Laja y Castor. Bol. Soc. Chil. Quím., 47:doi: 10.4067/S0366-16442002000400017.
WARDELL, L; P KYLE & D COUNCE. 2008. Volcanic emissions of metals and halogens from White Island (New Zealand) and Erebus volcano (Antarctica) determined with chemical traps. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 177:734-742.
WOELFL, S; M MAGES; S MERCADO; L VILLALOBOS; M OVARI; ET AL. 2004. Determination of trace elements in planktonic microcrustaceans using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF): First results from two Chilean lakes. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 378:1088-1094.
ARRIBÉRE, MA; S RIBEIRO GUEVARA; DF BUBACH & PH VIGLIANO. 2006. Trace elements as fingerprint of lake of provenance and of species of some native and exotic fish of northern patagonian lakes. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 110:71-95.
ARRIBÉRE, MA; S RIBEIRO GUEVARA; DF BUBACH; M ARCAGNI & PH VIGLIANO. 2008. Selenium and mercury in native and introduced fish species of patagonian lakes, Argentina. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 122:43-63.
ARRIBÉRE, MA; L CAMPBELL; AP RIZZO; M ARCAGNI; J REVENGA; ET AL. 2010. Trace elements in plankton, benthic organisms and forage fish of lake Moreno, Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Water Air Soil Pollut., doi: 10.1007/s11270-010-0330-3.
AZCUE, JM; A MUDROCH; F ROSA; GEM HALL; TA JACKSON: ET AL. 1995. Trace elements in water, sediments, porewater, and biota polluted by tailings from an abandoned gold mine in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 52:25-34.
BAIGÚN, C & MC MARINONE. 1995. Cold-temperate lakes of South America: do they fit northern hemisphere models? Arch. Hydrobiol., 135:23-51.
BAUCH, NJ. 2007. Selenium and mercury concentrations in fish, Wolford Mountain Reservoir, Colorado, 2005. USGS Report 2007- 5019.
BRAUNE, B; D MUIR; B DEMARCH; C GAMBERG; K POOLE; ET AL. 1999. Canadian Arctic freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems: a review. Sci. Total Environ., 230:145-207.
BUBACH, DF. 2010. Elementos traza en peces de los lagos patagónicos: línea de base, distribución global e impacto antrópico. Tesis doctoral. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
BUBACH, DF; MA ARRIBÉRE; S RIBEIRO GUEVARA & S CALVELO. 2001. Study on the feasibility of using transplanted Protousnea magellanica thalli as a bioindicator of atmospheric contamination. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 250:63-68.
CHEN, CY; RS STEMBERGER; B KLAUE; JD BLUM; C PICKHARDT; ET AL. 2000. Accumulation of heavy metals in food web components across a gradient of lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr., 45:1525-1536.
CHIRINOS, L; R URRUTIA; N FAGEL; S BERTRAND; N GAMBOA; ET AL. 2005. Chemical profiles in lake sediments in Laguna Chica de San Pedro (Bio-Bio Region, Chile). J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 50:697-710.
CÓDIGO ALIMENTARIO ARGENTINO. (Ley 18.284, reglamentada por el Decreto 2126/71, Anexo I).
DUFFUS, JH. 2002. “Heavy metals”- A meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure. Appl. Chem., 74:793-807.
ELMACI, A; A TEKSO; FO TOPAÇ; N ÖZENGIN; S KURTOÐLU; ET AL. 2007. Assessment of heavy metals in Lake Uluabat, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology 6:2236-2244.
FICHET, D; G BOUCHER; G RADENAC & P MIRAMAND. 1999. Concentration and mobilisation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by meiofauna populations living in harbour sediment: their role in the heavy metal flux from sediment to food web. Sci. Total. Environ., 243/244:263-272.
HARIKUMAR, PS; UP NASIR & MP MUJEEBU RAHMAN. 2009. Distribution of heavy metals in the core sediments of a tropical wetland system. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6:225-232.
HEINEN, JM. 1995. Water quality criteria, uptake, bioaccumulation, and public health considerations for chemicals of possible concern in West Virginia mine waters used for culture of rainbow trout. Pp 50 en: Wade, EM & RM Jenkins (ed.). The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute. West Virginia, USA.
INDEC. 2001. Censo nacional de población y vivienda.
KESTELMAN, AJ; G ROMÁN ROSS; MA ARRIBÉRE & S RIBEIRO GUEVARA. 1997. Heavy Metals and Rare Earth Geochemistry in Unpolluted and Contaminated Areas of the Nahuel Huapi National Park, Río Negro, Argentina. Final Report Project 8409/RB, International Atomic Energy Agency.
LEÓN, RJC; D BRAN; M COLLANTES, JM PARUELO & A SORIANO.1998. Grandes unidades de vegetación de la Patagonia extra andina. Ecología Austral, 8: 125-144.
MACCHI, PJ; MA PASCUAL & PH VIGLIANO. 2007. Differential piscivory of the native Percichtys trucha and exotic salmonids upon the native forage fish Galaxias maculatu in Patagonian Andean lakes. Limnologica, 37:76-87.
MARKERT, B; F PEDROZO; W GELLER; K FRIESE; S KORHAMMER; ET AL. 1997. A contribution to the study of the heavy-metal and nutritional element status of some lakes in the southern Andes of Patagonia (Argentina). Sci. Total. Environ., 206:1-15.
MODENUTTI, BE; E BALSEIRO; MC DIÉGUEZ; C QUEIMALIÑOS & R ALBARIÑO. 1998. Heterogeneity of fresh-water Patagonian ecosystems. Ecología Austral, 8:155-165
MOREL, FMM; AML KRAEPIEL & M AMYOT. 1998. The chemical cycle and bioaccumulation of mercury. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29:543-66.
MOUNE, S; P GAUTHIER; S GIASLASON & O SIGMARSSON. 2006. Trace element degassing and enrichment in the eruptive plume of the 2000 eruption of Hekla volcano, Iceland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 70:461-479.
PARUELO, JM; A BELTRÁN; E JOBBÁGY; OE SALA & RA GOLLUSCIO.1998. The climate of Patagonia: General patterns and controls on biotic processes. Ecología Austral, 8:85-101.
PEREZ CATÁN, S; M ARRIBÉRE & R SÁNCHEZ. 2003. Mercury in water. Cap IV. Investigation of mercury and other heavy metals in water bodies of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentine Patagonic Andean Range. Baselines determination, trophic web pathways investigation, and contamination source identification. Final report IAEA Technical Co-operation Project ARG/7/006.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; M ARRIBÉRE; S CALVELO & G ROMÁN ROSS. 1995. Elemental composition of lichens at Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 198:437-448.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2002. 137Cs dating of sedimentary cores from lakes of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina: historical records and profile measurements. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 252:37-45.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; J MASSAFERRO; G VILLAROSA; MA ARRIBÉRE & A RIZZO. 2002. Heavy metal contamination in sediments of lake Nahuel Huapi, Nahuel Huapi National Park, Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Water Air Soil. Pollut., 137:21-44.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; A RIZZO; R. SÁNCHEZ & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2003. 210Pb fluxes in sediment layers sampled from Northern Patagonia lakes, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 258:583-595.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; D BUBACH & M ARRIBÉRE. 2004a. Mercury in Lichens of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 261:679-687.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; DF BUBACH; PH VIGLIANO; G LIPPOLT & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2004b. Heavy metals and other trace elements in native mussel Diplodon chilensis from Northern Patagonian lakes, Argentina. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 102:245-63.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; MA ARRIBÉRE; DF BUBACH; PH VIGLIANO; AP RIZZO; ET AL. 2005a. Silver contamination on abiotic and biotic compartments of Nahuel Huapi National Park lakes, Patagonia, Argentina. Sci. Total Environ., 336:119-134.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; A RIZZO; R SÁNCHEZ & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2005b. Heavy metal inputs in Northern Patagonia lakes from short sediment cores analysis. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 265:481-493.
RIBEIRO GUEVARA, S; M MEILI; A RIZZO; R. DAGA & MA ARRIBÉRE. 2010. Sediment records of highly variable mercury inputs to ultraoligotrophic mountain lakes in Patagonia during the past millennium. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10:3443-3453.
ROMÁN ROSS, G; S RIBEIRO GUEVARA & MA ARRIBÉRE. 1997. Evaluation of natural processes and human inputs on riverine sediments at Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina. Proc. of the IV ENAN. Poços das Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
SEMPLE, KT; KJ DOICK; KC JONES; P BURAUEL; A CRAVEN; ET AL. 2004. Defining bioavailability and bioaccessibility of contaminated soil and sediment is complicated. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38:228A-231A.
SENASA. Tolerancia en el tenor de metales y metaloides. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria. Decreto 4238/68. 17.4 y 23.14.8. Res. 533-10.05.94.
SEPÚLVEDA, F; K DORSCH; A LAHSEN; S BENDER & C PALACIOS. 2004. Chemical and isotopic composition of geothermal discharges from the Puyehue- Cordón Caulle area (40.5° S), Southern Chile. Geothermics, 33:655-673.
STAFFORD, CP & TA HAINES. 1997. Mercury concentrations in Maine sport fishes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 126:144-152
STERN, C. 2004. Active Andean volcanism: its geologic and tectonic setting. Revista Geológica de Chile, 31:161-206.
TEMPORETTI, PF & FL PEDROZO. 2001. Phosphorous release rates from freshwater sediments affected by fish farming. Aquaculture Res., 31:447-455.
TULONEN, T; M PIHLSTRÖM; L ARVOLA & M RASK. 2006. Concentrations of heavy metals in food web components of small, boreal lakes. Boreal. Env. Res., 11:185-194.
URRUTIA, R; M YEVENES & R BARRA. 2002. Determinación de los niveles basales de metales traza en sedimentos de tres lagos andinos de Chile: Lagos Chungará, Laja y Castor. Bol. Soc. Chil. Quím., 47:doi: 10.4067/S0366-16442002000400017.
WARDELL, L; P KYLE & D COUNCE. 2008. Volcanic emissions of metals and halogens from White Island (New Zealand) and Erebus volcano (Antarctica) determined with chemical traps. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 177:734-742.
WOELFL, S; M MAGES; S MERCADO; L VILLALOBOS; M OVARI; ET AL. 2004. Determination of trace elements in planktonic microcrustaceans using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF): First results from two Chilean lakes. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 378:1088-1094.
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2010-08-01
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Rizzo, A., Daga, R., Arcagni, M., Pérez Catán, S., Bubach, D., Sánchez, R., Ribeiro Guevara, S., & Arribére, M. A. (2010). Concentraciones de metales pesados en distintos compartimentos de lagos andinos de Patagonia Norte. Ecología Austral, 20(2), 155–171. Recuperado a partir de https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1316
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Derechos de autor 2020 Andrea Rizzo, Romina Daga, Marina Arcagni, Soledad Pérez Catán, Débora Bubach, Ricardo Sánchez, Sergio Ribeiro Guevara, María A. Arribére
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
Las/os autoras/es conservan sus derechos de autoras/es: 1) cediendo a la revista el derecho a su primera publicación, y 2) registrando el artículo publicado con una Licencia de Atribución de Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0), lo que permite a autoras/es y terceros verlo y utilizarlo siempre que mencionen claramente su origen (cita o referencia incluyendo autoría y primera publicación en esta revista). Las/os autores/as pueden hacer otros acuerdos de distribución no exclusiva siempre que indiquen con claridad su origen, así como compartir y divulgar ampliamente la versión publicada de su trabajo.
