La influencia de los arbustos sobre la diversidad y abundancia de plantas herbáceas de la Prepuna a diferentes escalas espaciales

Autores/as

  • Ramiro P. López Centro de Análisis Espacial, Instituto de Ecología, La Paz, Bolivia. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia.
  • Teresa Ortuño Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia.

Palabras clave:

hierbas, riqueza específica, Andes subtropicales, rarefacción, facilitación

Resumen

Los arbustos tienen frecuentemente un efecto nodriza importante que favorece el establecimiento de especies herbáceas y, en consecuencia, aumenta la riqueza florística. En este estudio se evaluó la importancia de los arbustos sobre la riqueza específica y abundancia de hierbas en la región de la Prepuna a escalas de parche (parches individuales y tipos de parche), de comunidad (paisaje) y de región. A la escala de parches individuales, la riqueza de especies herbáceas fue mayor bajo arbustos que en sitios abiertos en dos de las cuatro localidades estudiadas. A la escala de tipos de parche, se encontraron más especies asociadas a espacios bajo arbustos en todas las localidades. Las pruebas de rarefacción confirmaron un mayor número de especies bajo arbustos y mostraron la influencia positiva de los arbustos sobre la riqueza de hierbas a escala de comunidad, aunque con variaciones en la magnitud de esta influencia según la localidad. Los patrones encontrados fueron consistentes a través del gradiente latitudinal estudiado, lo que sugiere que, al menos en ciertos años, la incidencia positiva de los arbustos sobre las hierbas no es sólo un fenómeno local. Además, dado que los arbustos albergan diferentes comunidades de hierbas según la localidad, su influencia positiva parece aumentar a escala regional. Este estudio es el primero que documenta el papel beneficioso de los arbustos sobre la riqueza de hierbas en los Andes subtropicales.

Citas

AGUIAR, MR & OE SALA. 1997. Seed distribution constrains the dynamics of the Patagonian steppe. Ecology 78:93-100.

AGUIAR, MR & OE SALA. 1999. Patch structure, dynamics and implications for the functioning of arid ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:273-277.

AKPO, LE; PI SAMB & M GROUZIS. 1997. Effet du couvert des arbres sur la structure spécifique de la strate herbacée en savane subhumide soudanienne (Senegal, Afrique de l’ouest). Candollea 52:287-299.

ARRIAGA, L; Y MAYA; S DÍAZ & J CANCINO. 1993. Association between cacti and nurse perennials in a heterogeneous tropical dry forest in northwestern Mexico. Journal of Vegetation Science 4:349-356.

BADANO, EI & LA CAVIERES. 2006a. Impacts of ecosystem engineers on community attributes: effects of cushion plants at different elevations of the Chilean Andes. Diversity and Distributions 12:388-396.

BADANO, EI & LA CAVIERES. 2006b. Ecosystem engineering across ecosystems: do engineer specis sharing common features have generalized or idiosyncratic effects on species diversity? Journal of Biogeography 33:304-313.

BADANO, EI; CG JONES; LA CAVIERES & JP WRIGHT. 2006. Assessing impacts of ecosystem engineers on community organization: a general approach illustrated by effects of a high-Andean cushion planta. Oikos 115:369-385.

CABRERA, AL & A WILLINK. 1973. Biogeografía de América latina. OEA, Washington DC. CABRERA, AL. 1976. Regiones fitogeográficas argentines. Pp. 1-85. En: WF Kugler (ed.): Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería, vol 2(1). ACME, Buenos Aires.

CALLAWAY, RM. 1995. Positive interactions among plants. Botanical Review 61:306-349.

CALLAWAY, RM & LR WALKER. 1997. Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities. Ecology 78:1958-1965.

CAVIERES, L; MTK ARROYO; A PEÑALOZA; M MOLINA- MONTENEGRO & C TORRES. 2002. Nurse effect of Bolax gummifera cushion plants in the alpine vegetation of the Chilean Patagonian Andes. Journal of Vegetation Science 13:547-554.

CHOLER, P; R MICHALET & R CALLAWAY. 2001. Facilitation and competition on gradients in alpine plant communities. Ecology 82:3295-3308.

DE VIANA, M; MLS SÜHRING & BFJ MANLY. 2001. Application of randomization methods to study the association of Trichocereus pasacana (Cactaceae) with potential nurse plants. Plant Ecology 156:193-197.

FACELLI, JM & DJ BROCK. 2000. Patch dynamics in arid lands: localized effects of Acacia papyrocarpa on soils and vegetation of open woodlands of South Australia. Ecography 23:479-491.

FACELLI, JM & AM TEMBY. 2002. Multiple effects of shrubs on annual plant communities in arid lands of South Australia. Austral Ecology 27:422-432.

GÓMEZ-APARICIO, L; JM GÓMEZ; R ZAMORA & JL BOETTINGER. 2005. Canopo vs. soil effects of shrubs facilitating tree seedlings in Mediterranean montane ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science 16:191-198.

Gotelli, NJ & RK Colwell. 2001. Quantifyng biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecology Letters 4:379-391.

GUTIÉRREZ, JR; PL MESERVE; LC CONTRERAS; H VÁSQUEZ & FABIÁN M JAKSIC. 1993. Spatial distribution of soil nutrients and ephemeral plants underneath and outside the Canopo of Porlieria chilensis (Zygophyllaceae) in arid coastal Chile. Oecologia 95:347-352.

HAASE, P; FI PUGNAIRE; SC CLARK & LD INCOLL. 1996. Spatial patterns in a two-tiered semi-arid shrubland in southeastern Spain. Journal of Vegetation Science 7: 527-534.

JONES, CG; JH LAWTON & M SACHAK. 1997. Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology 78(7):1946-1957.

JOSHI, B; SP SINGH; YS RAWAT & D GOEL. 2001. Facilitative effect of Coriaria nepalensis on species diversity and growth of herbs on severely eroded hill slopes. Current Science 80(5):678-682.

LARREA-ALCÁZAR, D; RP LÓPEZ & D BARRIENTOS. 2006. The nurse plant effect of Prosopis flexuosa DC (Leg. Mim.) in a dry valley of the Bolivian Andes. Ecotrópicos 18(2):89-95.

LÓPEZ, RP. 2000. La Prepuna boliviana. Ecología en Bolivia 34:45-70.

LÓPEZ, RP. 2003. Soil seed banks in the semiarid Prepuna of Bolivia. Plant Ecology 168:85-92.

LÓPEZ, RP & BECK, S. 2002. Phytogeographical affinities and life form composition of the Bolivian Prepuna. Candollea 57:77-96.

LÓPEZ, RP & S VALDIVIA. 2007. The importance of shrub cover for four cactus species differing in growth form in an Andean semi-desert. Journal of Vegetation Science 18:263-270.

LÓPEZ, RP; S VALDIVIA; N SANJINÉS & D DE LA QUINTANA. 2007. The role of nurse plants in the establishment of shrub seedlings in the semi-arid subtropical Andes. Oecologia 152:779-790.

MCAULIFFE, JR. 1986. Herbivore-limited establishment of a Sonoran Desert tree, Cercidium microphyllum. Ecology 67:276-280.

MONTAÑA, C. 1992. The colonization of bare areas in two-phase mosaics of an arid ecosystem. Journal of Ecology 80:315-327.

MORALES, MA; R VILLALBA; HR GRAU; PE VILLAGRA; JA BONINSEGNA; A RIPALTA & L PAOLINI. 2001. Potencialidad de Prosopis feroz Grises. (Legiminosar, subfamilia Mimosoideae) para estudios dendrocronológicos en desiertos. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 4:865-872.

MORO, MJ; FI PUGNAIRE & J PUIGDEFÁBREGAS. 1997. Mechanisms of interaction between a leguminous shrub and its understorey in a semi-arid environment. Ecography 20:175-184.

MULLER, CH. 1953. The association of desert annuals with shrubs. American Journal of Botany 40(2):53-60.

MUNZBERGOVA, Z & D WARD. 2002. Acacia trees as keystone species in Negev desert ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science 13:227-236.

OESTERHELD, M & M OYARZABAL. 2004. Grass-to-grass protection from grazing in a semi-arid steppe: facilitation, competition, and mass effect. Oikos 107:576-582.

OUTON, V. 1991. Prosopis ferox (Griseb.): usos, importancia e impacto ambiental. Tesis de Licenciatura. Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina.

PUGNAIRE, FI; C ARMAS & F VALLADARES. 2004. Soil as a mediator in plant-plant interactions in a semi- arid community. Journal of Vegetation Science 15:85-92.

PUGNAIRE, FI.; P HAASE; M PUIGDEFÁBREGAS; M CUETO; SC CLARK & LD INCOLL. 1996. Facilitation and succession under the canopy of a leguminous shrub, Retama sphaerocarpa, in a semi-arid environment in south-east Spain. Oikos 76:455-464.

ROSSI, BE & PE VILLAGRA. 2003. Effects of Prosopis flexuosa on soil properties and the spatial pattern of understorey species in arid Argentina. Journal of Vegetation Science 114:543-550.

SCHADE, JD; R SPONSELLER; SL COLLINS & A STYLES. 2003. The influence of Prosopis canopies on understorey vegetation: effects of landscape position. Journal of Vegetation Science 14: 743-750.

TEWKSBURY, JT & JD LLOYD. 2001. Positive interactions under nurse-plants: spatial scale, stress gradients and benefactor size. Oecologia 127:425-434.

TIELBÖRGER, K & R KADMON. 1997. Relationships between shrubs and annual communities in a sandy desert ecosystem: a three-year study. Plant Ecology 130:191-201.

TORRICO, G; C PECA; S BECK & E GARCÍA. 1994. Leñosas útiles de Potosí.

WENT, FW. 1942. The dependence of certain annual plants on shrubs in Southern Californian deserts. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 69:100-114.

WILBY, A & M SACHAK. 2004. Shrubs, granivores, and annual plant community stability in arid ecosystems. Oikos 106:209-216.

WRIGHT, JP; CG JONES & AS FLECKER. 2002. An ecosystem engineer, the beaver, increases species richness at the landscape scale. Oecologia 132: 96–101

Descargas

Publicado

2008-04-01

Cómo citar

López, R. P., & Ortuño, T. (2008). La influencia de los arbustos sobre la diversidad y abundancia de plantas herbáceas de la Prepuna a diferentes escalas espaciales. Ecología Austral, 18(1), 119–131. Recuperado a partir de https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1401

Número

Sección

Artículos