Alternativas para el desarrollo de nuevos cultivos industriales para la Patagonia
Resumen
The search for potential arid-adapted crops has yielded several species that produce industrial raw materials and can be cultivated in warm arid lands. However, there are few species adapted to cold arid environments like Patagonia. The objectives of this paper are to propose criteria for the search and development of new industrial crops for Patagonia, to analyze those species that have been suggested as potential crops, and to propose other candidates based on these criteria. We discuss the potential of the few species cited as potential crops for Patagonia: Colliguaya integerrima (Euphorbiaceae) and Lesquerella mendocina (Brassicaceae) as seed-oil sources; Grindelia chiloensis (Asteraceae), Colliguaya integerrima, Larrea sp. (Zygophyllaceae), and Mulinum spinosum (Umbelliferae) as politerpene sources, and Prosopis and Cercicium sp. as gum sources. We include a description of prospective families for oils, gums and terpenes.
Citas
Anderson, D., J. Howlett and C. McNab. 1985. The amino acid composition of gum exudates from Prosopis species. Phytochemistry 24:2718-2720.
Anderson, D. and J. Farquhar. 1982. Gum exudates from the genus Prosopis. The International Tree Crops Journal 2:15-24.
Angulo Sánchez, J. and D. Jasso de Rodriguez. 1996. Mexican industrial crops: an overview of outstanding species from semi-arid lands. Pp. 176-186. In: Princen, L. and C. Rossi(eds.).Third International Conference on New Industrial Crops, Catamarca, Argentina.
Bártoli, A. and R. Tortosa. 1994. Tres nuevasspecies de Grindelia (Asteraceae), afines a G. chiloensis (Corn.) Cabr. Kurtziana 23:131-150.
Benzioni, A., D. Mills and M.Forti. 1989. Effect of irrigation regimes on the water status, vegetative growth and rubber production of guayule plants. Expl. Agriculture 25:189-197.
Berry, J., P. Bretting, G. Nabhan and C. Webber. 1981. Domesticated Proboscidea parviflora: a potential oilseed crop for arid lands. Journal of Arid Environments 4:147-160.
Bryant, J.P., F.S. Chapin III and D.R Klein. 1983. Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plantsin relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos 40:357-368.
Cabrera, A.L. 1931.Revisión de las species sudamericanas de¡ género Grindelia. Revista del Museo de la Plata 33:207-249.
Calvin, M. 1983. New sources of fuel and materials. Science 219:24-26.
Capelle,A. 1997.Production of Crambe in Europe. The green industrial revolution, An international conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México Septiembre, 1997.
Cerezo, A., M.Stacey and J. Webber. 1969.Some structural studies of brea gum (an exudate from Cercidium australe JONIST). Carbohydrate research 9:505-517.
Correa, M. 1971-1988.FloraPatagónica. Tomo VIII, Partes IV b, V, VII. Colección Científica INTA, Buenos Aires.
Cragg, G., M. Boyd, M. Grever and S. Schepartz. 1995. Pharmaceutical prospecting and the potential for pharmaceutical crops. Natural product drug discovery and the development atthe UnitedStates National Cancer Institute. Annal of the Missouri Botanical garden 82:47-53.
DeVeaux, J. and E.Schultz. 1985. Development of buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima) as a semiarid land starch and oil crop. Economic Botany 39:454-472.
DiLeo Lira, P., C. van Baren, J. Coussio, A. Bandoni, I. Mizrahi and M. Juárez. 1996. Análisis de¡ aceite esencial de las raíces de neneo (Mulinum spinosum) deChubut. SAIPA, X CongresosNacional de Recursos Naturales Aromáticos y Medicinales. La Plata 21 al 23 de Noviembre de 1996.
Earle,F, I. Wolff, C. Glass and Q. Jones. 1962 .Search for new industrial oils VII. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 39:381-383.
Espejel, 1. 1981. Técnicas para muestrear y medir la producción de goma de mezquite. Pp. 451-454. In: Arid Land Resource Inventories: Developing cost-efficent methods. USDA General Tech Report WO-28.
FerrariBono,B.V. 1990. La potencialidad del agua. Recursos hídricos continentales de la Patagonia argentina. Ciencia Hoy 2:54-67.
Glenn, E.P., J. O’Leary, M. Watson, T. Lewis Thompson and R. Kuehl. 1991. Salicornia bigelovii Torr: an oilseed halophyte forseawater irrigation. Science 251:1065-1067.
Glenn, E. and M. Watson. 1993. Halophyte crops for direct salt extraction. Pp. 379-385 In: North, K. and E. Mason (eds.) Towards the rationale of use of high salinity tolerant plants vol 1 Kluwer Academic Publ., New York.
Herms, D.A. and W.J. Mattson. 1992. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. The Quarterly Review of Biology 67:283-335.
Hodge, W. and H.Sineath. 1955. The Mexican Candelilla plant and its wax. Economic Botany 9:39-52.
Hoffmann, J.J. andS.P. McLaughlin. 1986. Grindelia camporum a potential cash crop for the arid southwest. Economic Botany 40:162-169.
Ivanov, S. 1924. The influence of climatic factors on the physiological-chemical characters of plants. Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. and Plant Breeding 13:483-491.
Kleinman, R., C. Smith,S. Yates and Q. Jones. 1965. Search for new industrial oils XII. 58 Euphorbiaceae oils, including one rich in vernolic acid. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 42:169-172.
Kleinman, R. and G. spencer. 1982. Search for new industrial oils. XVI. Unmbeliflorae seed oils rich in petroselinic acid. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 59:29-38.
Kleinman,R. 1990.Chemistry of new industrial oilseed crops. Pp. 196-202. In: Janick, J. and J.E. Simon (eds.) Advancesin new crops. Timber Press, Portland.
Knowles, P.F., J. Lessman, W. Bemis, M. Glase, E. Burns, W, Burrows, J. Copp, R. Creesch, W. Fike, R. Garrett, L. Hil, S. Idso, G. Joliff, Q. Jones, J. Miller, J.Purcell, R. Robinson, L. Sampson, D. Sumner, A.E. Thompson, R. Voss, W. Wedin and I. Wolff. 1984.Development of newcrops: needs, procedures, strategies, and options. Council for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies. Rept No. 102, Ames IA, U.S.A.
Madriñan Polo, C., J. Hunziker and P. Cattaneo. 1976. Aceites de semilla de especies de Prosopis y Prosopidastrum (Leguminosas). Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina 64:127-138.
Malec, L.S., M. Vigo and P. Cattaneo. 1986. Semilla de Colliguaya integerrima. Composición química del aceite crudo de extracción y de la harina residual. Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina 53:313-327.
Malec, L.S., M. Civeira and M. Vigo. 1993. Semilla de Rosa rubiginosa L. (Rosa mosqueta). Composición química del aceite crudo de extracción y la harina residual. Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina 81:445-450.
Martin, G. and A. Mayeux. 1984. Reflexions sur les cultures oleagineuses energetiques. Oleagineux 39:283- 287.
Mastebroek, D. 1996.Breeding progress in crambe.Thrid European Symposim on Industrial Crops and Products. Reims, France.
Mazzani, B. 1962.Plantas oleaginosas. Salvat Editora, Barcelona. 325 pp.
McGuinnies, W. and J. Arnold. 1939. Relative water requirements of Arizona range plants. University of Arizona Agric. Exp. Sta. tech. Bull. 80, Tucson, 89 pp.
McLaughlin, S.P. 1985. Economic prospects for new crops in the southwestern United States. Economic Botany 39:473-481.
McLaughlin, S.P. and J. Linker. 1987. Agronomic studies on gumweed: seed germination, planting density, planting dates, and biomass and resin production.Field Crops Research 15:357-367.
Meinzer,F.C.,C.S. Wisdom, A. González-Coloma, P.W. Rundel and L. M. Schultz. 1990. Effects of lea fresin on stomatal behavior and gas exchange of Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. Functional Ecology 4:579-584.
Mizrahi, 1. 1967. Aprovechamiento integral de las especies del género Larrea de la Republica Argentina. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias 4:117-158.
Morris, D. and I. Ahmed. 1992. The carbohydrate economy. Making chemicals and industrial materials from plant matter. Institue for local Self reliance. Washington D.C. 53 pp.
Muuse, B., F. Pertus Cuperus and J. Derksen. 1992. Composition and physical properties from new oilseed crops. Indusrtial Crops and Products 1:57-65.
Paruelo, J., E. Jobbágy, O. Sala, W. Lauenroth and i. Burke. 1998. Functional and structural convergence of temperate grasslands and shrubland ecosystems. Ecological Applications 8:194-206.
Peredi, J., G. Facsar, J. Domokos and A. Makk. 1996. Examination of seed oils of some wild rose species in Central Europe. Proceedings of the third conference on new industrial crops and products, Catamarca, Argentina.
Pinto, G.O. Rodríguez, M. Martínez and C. Rivas. 1993. Composition of Cercidium praecox gum exudates. BiochemicalSystematics and Ecology 21:297-300.
Ploschuk, E., L. Windauer, G. Roitman and D. Ravetta. 1997. Reproductive success in diferent species of Lesquerella. Pp. 79.Proceedings of The Green Industrial Revolution, An International Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México.
Puppala, N., J. Fowler, D. Dierig and G. Dahlquist. 1997. Oil content and fatty acid composition ofLesquerella fendleriin response to timing and duration of moisture stress. Pp. 44.Proceedings of the Green Industrial Revolution, An International Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México.
Ravetta, D.A., A. Soriano and P. Cattaneo. 1988. Colliguaya integerrima (Euphorbiaceae): its seed oil, residual meal, and propagation. Economic Botany 45:288-290.
Ravetta, D. A., F. Goffman, E. Pagano and S. McLaughlin. 1996a. Grindelia chiloensis resin and biomass production in its native environment. Industrial Crops and Products 5:235-238.
Ravetta, D.A., A. Anouti and S. McLaughlin. 1996b.Resin production of Grindelia accesions under cultivation. Industrial Crops and Products 5:197-201
Ravetta, D.A., D. Kalman andE.Saini. 1997.Evaluación de especies vegetales nativas productoras de terpenos de alto peso molecular. XVIII Reunion Argentina de Ecología, Buenos Aires, 21-23 de Abril de 1997.
Riganti, A.R.,P. Cattaneo and G. Karman. 1947. Composición química del aceite de Colliguaya integerrima (duraznillo). Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina 35:21-33.
Sala, O., R. Golluscio, W. Lauenroth and A.Soriano. 1989. Resource partitioning between shrubs and grasses in thePatagonian steppe. Oecologia 81:501-505.
Saunders, R. and R. Becker. 1989. Development ofProsopisspecies Leguminous Trees as an agricultural crop. Pp. 288-302. In: Wickens, G., N. Haq and P. Day (eds.). New Crops for Food and Industry. Chapman and Hall, London.
Saunders, R., R. Becker, D. Meyer,F. Del Valle, E. Marco and M. Torres. 1986. Identification of commercial milling techniquesto produce high sugar, high fiber, high protein and high galactomannan gum fractions from Prosopis pods. Forest Ecology and Management 16:169-180.
Soriano,A.,M. Nogués Loza and S. Burkart. 1994. Plant biodiversity in the extra-andean Patagonia: comparisons with neighbouring and related vegetation units.Pp. 36-45.Proceedings of the International Workshop on plant genetic resources, desertification and sustainability, Rio Gallegos.
Soriano, A. and J.M. Paruelo. 1990. El pastoreo ovino, principios ecológicos para el manejo de campos. Ciencia Hoy 2:44-53.
Timmermann, B. 1977.Practical uses ofLarrea.Pp. 252-256. In: Mabry, J., J. Hunziker and D. DiFeo (eds.). Creosote Bush: biology and chemistry ofLarrea in new world deserts. U.S./IBP synthesisseris; 6. Willey and Sons, Inc., Strousburg.
Timmermann, B. and D. Ravetta. 1990. In search of a resin crop for arid lands in Southamerica. Pp. 72-91. Proceedings First International Conference on promising crops for arid and semi arid lands. Asunción, Paraguay.
USDA 1997. Industrial uses of agricultural materials. Situation and outlook report, September, 1997. IUS-7 Verlet, N. 1993. Overview of the essential oils economy. Acta Horticulturae 333 :65-72.
Wassner, D., D.A. Ravetta and A. Soriano. 1997. Ecofisiología de la producción de terpenos en Grindelia chiloensis: influencia de la disponibilidad de nitrógeno. XVIII Reunion Argentina de Ecología, Buenos Aires.
Windauer, L. and D. Ravetta. 1997. Influence of temperature and photoperiod on the duration of the stage emergence-flowering in Lesquerella fendleri. Pp. 79. Proceedings of The Green Industrial Revolution, An International Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México.
Weber, D. J., T. Davis, E. McArthur and N. Sankhla. 1985. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (rubber Rabbitbush): multiple-use shrub of the desert. DesertPlants 7:172- 210.
Zavala, J., D.A. Ravetta and E. Pagano. 1997.La disponibilidad hídrica afecta el contenido de resina epicuticular en Grindelia chiloensis. XVIII Reunion Argentina de Ecología, Buenos Aires.
Zavala,J. and D.A.Ravetta. 1997. The effect ofirrigation regime on biomass and resin production in Grindelia chiloensis. Pp. 30. Proceedings of The Green Industrial Revolution, An International Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México.
Anderson, D. and J. Farquhar. 1982. Gum exudates from the genus Prosopis. The International Tree Crops Journal 2:15-24.
Angulo Sánchez, J. and D. Jasso de Rodriguez. 1996. Mexican industrial crops: an overview of outstanding species from semi-arid lands. Pp. 176-186. In: Princen, L. and C. Rossi(eds.).Third International Conference on New Industrial Crops, Catamarca, Argentina.
Bártoli, A. and R. Tortosa. 1994. Tres nuevasspecies de Grindelia (Asteraceae), afines a G. chiloensis (Corn.) Cabr. Kurtziana 23:131-150.
Benzioni, A., D. Mills and M.Forti. 1989. Effect of irrigation regimes on the water status, vegetative growth and rubber production of guayule plants. Expl. Agriculture 25:189-197.
Berry, J., P. Bretting, G. Nabhan and C. Webber. 1981. Domesticated Proboscidea parviflora: a potential oilseed crop for arid lands. Journal of Arid Environments 4:147-160.
Bryant, J.P., F.S. Chapin III and D.R Klein. 1983. Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plantsin relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos 40:357-368.
Cabrera, A.L. 1931.Revisión de las species sudamericanas de¡ género Grindelia. Revista del Museo de la Plata 33:207-249.
Calvin, M. 1983. New sources of fuel and materials. Science 219:24-26.
Capelle,A. 1997.Production of Crambe in Europe. The green industrial revolution, An international conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México Septiembre, 1997.
Cerezo, A., M.Stacey and J. Webber. 1969.Some structural studies of brea gum (an exudate from Cercidium australe JONIST). Carbohydrate research 9:505-517.
Correa, M. 1971-1988.FloraPatagónica. Tomo VIII, Partes IV b, V, VII. Colección Científica INTA, Buenos Aires.
Cragg, G., M. Boyd, M. Grever and S. Schepartz. 1995. Pharmaceutical prospecting and the potential for pharmaceutical crops. Natural product drug discovery and the development atthe UnitedStates National Cancer Institute. Annal of the Missouri Botanical garden 82:47-53.
DeVeaux, J. and E.Schultz. 1985. Development of buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima) as a semiarid land starch and oil crop. Economic Botany 39:454-472.
DiLeo Lira, P., C. van Baren, J. Coussio, A. Bandoni, I. Mizrahi and M. Juárez. 1996. Análisis de¡ aceite esencial de las raíces de neneo (Mulinum spinosum) deChubut. SAIPA, X CongresosNacional de Recursos Naturales Aromáticos y Medicinales. La Plata 21 al 23 de Noviembre de 1996.
Earle,F, I. Wolff, C. Glass and Q. Jones. 1962 .Search for new industrial oils VII. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 39:381-383.
Espejel, 1. 1981. Técnicas para muestrear y medir la producción de goma de mezquite. Pp. 451-454. In: Arid Land Resource Inventories: Developing cost-efficent methods. USDA General Tech Report WO-28.
FerrariBono,B.V. 1990. La potencialidad del agua. Recursos hídricos continentales de la Patagonia argentina. Ciencia Hoy 2:54-67.
Glenn, E.P., J. O’Leary, M. Watson, T. Lewis Thompson and R. Kuehl. 1991. Salicornia bigelovii Torr: an oilseed halophyte forseawater irrigation. Science 251:1065-1067.
Glenn, E. and M. Watson. 1993. Halophyte crops for direct salt extraction. Pp. 379-385 In: North, K. and E. Mason (eds.) Towards the rationale of use of high salinity tolerant plants vol 1 Kluwer Academic Publ., New York.
Herms, D.A. and W.J. Mattson. 1992. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. The Quarterly Review of Biology 67:283-335.
Hodge, W. and H.Sineath. 1955. The Mexican Candelilla plant and its wax. Economic Botany 9:39-52.
Hoffmann, J.J. andS.P. McLaughlin. 1986. Grindelia camporum a potential cash crop for the arid southwest. Economic Botany 40:162-169.
Ivanov, S. 1924. The influence of climatic factors on the physiological-chemical characters of plants. Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. and Plant Breeding 13:483-491.
Kleinman, R., C. Smith,S. Yates and Q. Jones. 1965. Search for new industrial oils XII. 58 Euphorbiaceae oils, including one rich in vernolic acid. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 42:169-172.
Kleinman, R. and G. spencer. 1982. Search for new industrial oils. XVI. Unmbeliflorae seed oils rich in petroselinic acid. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 59:29-38.
Kleinman,R. 1990.Chemistry of new industrial oilseed crops. Pp. 196-202. In: Janick, J. and J.E. Simon (eds.) Advancesin new crops. Timber Press, Portland.
Knowles, P.F., J. Lessman, W. Bemis, M. Glase, E. Burns, W, Burrows, J. Copp, R. Creesch, W. Fike, R. Garrett, L. Hil, S. Idso, G. Joliff, Q. Jones, J. Miller, J.Purcell, R. Robinson, L. Sampson, D. Sumner, A.E. Thompson, R. Voss, W. Wedin and I. Wolff. 1984.Development of newcrops: needs, procedures, strategies, and options. Council for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies. Rept No. 102, Ames IA, U.S.A.
Madriñan Polo, C., J. Hunziker and P. Cattaneo. 1976. Aceites de semilla de especies de Prosopis y Prosopidastrum (Leguminosas). Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina 64:127-138.
Malec, L.S., M. Vigo and P. Cattaneo. 1986. Semilla de Colliguaya integerrima. Composición química del aceite crudo de extracción y de la harina residual. Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina 53:313-327.
Malec, L.S., M. Civeira and M. Vigo. 1993. Semilla de Rosa rubiginosa L. (Rosa mosqueta). Composición química del aceite crudo de extracción y la harina residual. Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina 81:445-450.
Martin, G. and A. Mayeux. 1984. Reflexions sur les cultures oleagineuses energetiques. Oleagineux 39:283- 287.
Mastebroek, D. 1996.Breeding progress in crambe.Thrid European Symposim on Industrial Crops and Products. Reims, France.
Mazzani, B. 1962.Plantas oleaginosas. Salvat Editora, Barcelona. 325 pp.
McGuinnies, W. and J. Arnold. 1939. Relative water requirements of Arizona range plants. University of Arizona Agric. Exp. Sta. tech. Bull. 80, Tucson, 89 pp.
McLaughlin, S.P. 1985. Economic prospects for new crops in the southwestern United States. Economic Botany 39:473-481.
McLaughlin, S.P. and J. Linker. 1987. Agronomic studies on gumweed: seed germination, planting density, planting dates, and biomass and resin production.Field Crops Research 15:357-367.
Meinzer,F.C.,C.S. Wisdom, A. González-Coloma, P.W. Rundel and L. M. Schultz. 1990. Effects of lea fresin on stomatal behavior and gas exchange of Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. Functional Ecology 4:579-584.
Mizrahi, 1. 1967. Aprovechamiento integral de las especies del género Larrea de la Republica Argentina. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias 4:117-158.
Morris, D. and I. Ahmed. 1992. The carbohydrate economy. Making chemicals and industrial materials from plant matter. Institue for local Self reliance. Washington D.C. 53 pp.
Muuse, B., F. Pertus Cuperus and J. Derksen. 1992. Composition and physical properties from new oilseed crops. Indusrtial Crops and Products 1:57-65.
Paruelo, J., E. Jobbágy, O. Sala, W. Lauenroth and i. Burke. 1998. Functional and structural convergence of temperate grasslands and shrubland ecosystems. Ecological Applications 8:194-206.
Peredi, J., G. Facsar, J. Domokos and A. Makk. 1996. Examination of seed oils of some wild rose species in Central Europe. Proceedings of the third conference on new industrial crops and products, Catamarca, Argentina.
Pinto, G.O. Rodríguez, M. Martínez and C. Rivas. 1993. Composition of Cercidium praecox gum exudates. BiochemicalSystematics and Ecology 21:297-300.
Ploschuk, E., L. Windauer, G. Roitman and D. Ravetta. 1997. Reproductive success in diferent species of Lesquerella. Pp. 79.Proceedings of The Green Industrial Revolution, An International Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México.
Puppala, N., J. Fowler, D. Dierig and G. Dahlquist. 1997. Oil content and fatty acid composition ofLesquerella fendleriin response to timing and duration of moisture stress. Pp. 44.Proceedings of the Green Industrial Revolution, An International Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México.
Ravetta, D.A., A. Soriano and P. Cattaneo. 1988. Colliguaya integerrima (Euphorbiaceae): its seed oil, residual meal, and propagation. Economic Botany 45:288-290.
Ravetta, D. A., F. Goffman, E. Pagano and S. McLaughlin. 1996a. Grindelia chiloensis resin and biomass production in its native environment. Industrial Crops and Products 5:235-238.
Ravetta, D.A., A. Anouti and S. McLaughlin. 1996b.Resin production of Grindelia accesions under cultivation. Industrial Crops and Products 5:197-201
Ravetta, D.A., D. Kalman andE.Saini. 1997.Evaluación de especies vegetales nativas productoras de terpenos de alto peso molecular. XVIII Reunion Argentina de Ecología, Buenos Aires, 21-23 de Abril de 1997.
Riganti, A.R.,P. Cattaneo and G. Karman. 1947. Composición química del aceite de Colliguaya integerrima (duraznillo). Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina 35:21-33.
Sala, O., R. Golluscio, W. Lauenroth and A.Soriano. 1989. Resource partitioning between shrubs and grasses in thePatagonian steppe. Oecologia 81:501-505.
Saunders, R. and R. Becker. 1989. Development ofProsopisspecies Leguminous Trees as an agricultural crop. Pp. 288-302. In: Wickens, G., N. Haq and P. Day (eds.). New Crops for Food and Industry. Chapman and Hall, London.
Saunders, R., R. Becker, D. Meyer,F. Del Valle, E. Marco and M. Torres. 1986. Identification of commercial milling techniquesto produce high sugar, high fiber, high protein and high galactomannan gum fractions from Prosopis pods. Forest Ecology and Management 16:169-180.
Soriano,A.,M. Nogués Loza and S. Burkart. 1994. Plant biodiversity in the extra-andean Patagonia: comparisons with neighbouring and related vegetation units.Pp. 36-45.Proceedings of the International Workshop on plant genetic resources, desertification and sustainability, Rio Gallegos.
Soriano, A. and J.M. Paruelo. 1990. El pastoreo ovino, principios ecológicos para el manejo de campos. Ciencia Hoy 2:44-53.
Timmermann, B. 1977.Practical uses ofLarrea.Pp. 252-256. In: Mabry, J., J. Hunziker and D. DiFeo (eds.). Creosote Bush: biology and chemistry ofLarrea in new world deserts. U.S./IBP synthesisseris; 6. Willey and Sons, Inc., Strousburg.
Timmermann, B. and D. Ravetta. 1990. In search of a resin crop for arid lands in Southamerica. Pp. 72-91. Proceedings First International Conference on promising crops for arid and semi arid lands. Asunción, Paraguay.
USDA 1997. Industrial uses of agricultural materials. Situation and outlook report, September, 1997. IUS-7 Verlet, N. 1993. Overview of the essential oils economy. Acta Horticulturae 333 :65-72.
Wassner, D., D.A. Ravetta and A. Soriano. 1997. Ecofisiología de la producción de terpenos en Grindelia chiloensis: influencia de la disponibilidad de nitrógeno. XVIII Reunion Argentina de Ecología, Buenos Aires.
Windauer, L. and D. Ravetta. 1997. Influence of temperature and photoperiod on the duration of the stage emergence-flowering in Lesquerella fendleri. Pp. 79. Proceedings of The Green Industrial Revolution, An International Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México.
Weber, D. J., T. Davis, E. McArthur and N. Sankhla. 1985. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (rubber Rabbitbush): multiple-use shrub of the desert. DesertPlants 7:172- 210.
Zavala, J., D.A. Ravetta and E. Pagano. 1997.La disponibilidad hídrica afecta el contenido de resina epicuticular en Grindelia chiloensis. XVIII Reunion Argentina de Ecología, Buenos Aires.
Zavala,J. and D.A.Ravetta. 1997. The effect ofirrigation regime on biomass and resin production in Grindelia chiloensis. Pp. 30. Proceedings of The Green Industrial Revolution, An International Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, Saltillo, México.
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1998-12-01
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Ravetta, D. A., & Soriano, A. (1998). Alternativas para el desarrollo de nuevos cultivos industriales para la Patagonia. Ecología Austral, 8(2), 297–307. Recuperado a partir de https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1628
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