Conceptual framework to define management strategies for silvopastoral systems in native forests

Pablo L. Peri; Yamina M. Rosas; Dardo R. López; María V. Lencinas; Laura Cavallero; Guillermo Martínez Pastur

doi:10.25260/EA.22.32.2.1.1872

Autores/as

Pablo L. Peri Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Santa Cruz-Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
Yamina M. Rosas Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC)-CONICET. Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Dardo R. López Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Forestal Villa Dolores. Villa Dolores, Córdoba, Argentina
María V. Lencinas Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC)-CONICET. Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Laura Cavallero Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Forestal Villa Dolores. Villa Dolores, Córdoba, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Córdoba. Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
Guillermo Martínez Pastur Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC)-CONICET. Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.22.32.2.1.1872

Palabras clave:

paisajes agroforestales, biodiversidad, servicios ecosistémicos, biomasa forrajera, ganadería, resiliencia, sistema social-ecológico

Resumen

La mayoría de los bosques nativos de la Argentina se utilizan para la producción ganadera con escaso manejo silvopastoril sustentable. El objetivo fue discutir diferentes estrategias de manejo en las que el capital natural y el humano se combinan para coproducir los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que brindan los sistemas silvopastoriles en los bosques nativos, interactuando con la biodiversidad y con diferentes funciones de los ecosistemas. Además, proponemos perspectivas para ser analizadas en un contexto de enfoques social-ecológicos en paisajes agroforestales. Se proponen cuatro tipos de estrategias teóricas (ganar-ganar, ganar-perder, perder-ganar y perder-perder) que definen los umbrales social-ecológicos y económicos que determinan la provisión de SE y biodiversidad a largo plazo. La evidencia de la estrategia ganar-perder ocurre cuando los sistemas silvopastoriles se manejan principalmente para aumentar la rentabilidad económica a través de incrementos en la biomasa forrajera, a fin de elevar la producción ganadera en el mediano y el largo plazo. La deforestación diferida se presentó como un ejemplo típico de estrategia perder-perder en la región del Chaco, basada en un manejo a corto plazo, obteniendo sólo cultivos de alto valor comercial (cultivos o productos pecuarios) sin considerar las interacciones negativas con otros SE y la pérdida de biodiversidad. La información proporcionada en este trabajo debería ayudar a los tomadores de decisión e investigadores a identificar los umbrales de rentabilidad económica y resiliencia ecológica en los ecosistemas bajo gestión. Los enfoques planteados proveen una visión utilitaria de los servicios ecosistémicos y aspectos claves de resiliencia social-ecológica.

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