Desempeño y habilidad competitiva de la gramínea invasora Eragrostis plana en condiciones de estrés hídrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.22.32.3.0.1906Palabras clave:
capín Annoni, competencia interespecífica, exótica, invasiones biológicas, pastizales, sequíaResumen
Eragrostis plana (capín Annoni) es una importante gramínea invasora de los pastizales del Río de la Plata, frecuentemente asociada a sitios con alto grado de estrés abiótico (e.g., estrés hídrico). Por medio de dos experimentos complementarios, evaluamos el efecto relativo del estrés hídrico en el desempeño y la habilidad competitiva de E. plana y de dos gramíneas nativas: Eragrostis bahiensis y Sporobolus indicus. En el primer experimento estudiamos el desempeño de las especies en dos tratamientos (n=5), con y sin estrés hídrico. En el segundo, evaluamos la habilidad competitiva mediante la manipulación de las interacciones planta-planta en estrés hídrico (n=5). Ambos experimentos fueron realizados en simultáneo en un invernáculo con condiciones controladas. Se midieron distintas variables de desempeño individual relacionadas con el crecimiento de las plantas y las estrategias de adquisición/uso de recursos (e.g., altura, número de hojas verdes y secas, número de macollos y biomasa). En el primer experimento se comparó el desempeño de cada especie con y sin estrés hídrico, mientras que en el segundo se calcularon índices de intensidad de interacción relativos. Eragrostis plana fue la especie más afectada por el estrés hídrico, con menor producción de hojas, mayor tasa de senescencia foliar y menor tasa de crecimiento en altura. En el experimento de habilidad competitiva, E. plana tuvo un mayor efecto supresor del crecimiento de las gramíneas nativas, y su respuesta fue generalmente positiva o neutra cuando interactuó con éstas. Se concluye que, aunque el estrés hídrico tuvo mayor efecto en E. plana que en las gramíneas nativas estudiadas, la habilidad competitiva de la invasora es superior incluso en estas condiciones.
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