Evaluación ambiental de las riberas del lago Nahuel Huapi y propuesta de un índice de calidad de costas

Nicolás Martyniuk; Florencia Cuassolo; Marcela Bastidas Navarro; Verónica Díaz Villanueva; Esteban Balseiro; Beatriz Modenutti

doi:10.25260/EA.22.32.3.0.1908

Autores/as

Nicolás Martyniuk Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UN del Comahue). Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-7040
Florencia Cuassolo Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UN del Comahue). Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina|
Marcela Bastidas Navarro Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UN del Comahue). Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-0451
Verónica Díaz Villanueva Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UN del Comahue). Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
Esteban Balseiro Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UN del Comahue). Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-0587
Beatriz Modenutti Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UN del Comahue). Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-5679

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.22.32.3.0.1908

Palabras clave:

nutrientes, turismo, urbanización, servicios ecosistemicos

Resumen

Los lagos proveen diferentes servicios ecosistémicos, incluyendo aquellos relacionados con los asentamientos urbanos, el turismo y la recreación. Estas actividades alteran de distintas maneras las costas y las zonas litorales de los lagos. El lago Nahuel Huapi, localizado en el norte de la Patagonia argentina, es profundo, de origen glaciar y en sus costas posee desarrollos urbanos y turísticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es construir un índice de calidad de costas en base a parámetros paisajísticos y de infraestructura. Para ello se relevaron 29 sitios distribuidos a lo largo de la costa del lago Nahuel Huapi, seleccionados a partir del análisis de imágenes satelitales, en los que se determinaron parámetros limnológicos en zona de ribera. En cada sitio se registró la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto y la conductividad, y se tomaron, además, muestras para determinar nutrientes (fósforo, nitrógeno y carbono orgánico) y de biomasa perifítica de productores primarios (concentración de clorofila sobre sustrato rocoso). Por otra parte, en cada sitio se relevaron características particulares de la zona costera (presencia de muelles, construcciones, caminos, parquizaciones y emprendimientos turísticos), y también la vegetación riparia y la presencia de plásticos y vidrios en el sedimento. Con esta información se desarrolló un índice que consta de cinco componentes: 1) construcción en línea de costa, 2) construcción en terrenos costeros, 3) recreación, 4) uso y modificación de la tierra, y 5) vegetación costera. El índice propuesto presentó un buen ajuste con los parámetros limnológicos analizados (no incluidos en el índice), por lo cual consideramos que el índice de calidad de costas posee una aplicación amplia para los lagos glaciares patagónicos. Basándonos en este índice de calidad de costa, el lago Nahuel Huapi presenta mayormente costas prístinas, sólo un 2% está muy alterado y un 17%, alterado.

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