Composición de las comunidades de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares en diferentes usos de suelo en el Caldenal, Argentina

Roberto E. Ontivero; Lucía Risio Allione; Fabiana Castellarini; Mónica A. Lugo

doi:10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.1955

Autores/as

Roberto E. Ontivero Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, FQByF, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL). San Luis, Argentina. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-CONICET-UNSL). San Luis, Argentina
Lucía Risio Allione Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, FQByF, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL). San Luis, Argentina. Laboratorio de Dasonomía, FICA, UNSL. San Luis, Argentina
Fabiana Castellarini Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA) - CCT CONICET. Mendoza, Argentina
Mónica A. Lugo Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, FQByF, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL). San Luis, Argentina. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-CONICET-UNSL). San Luis, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.1955

Palabras clave:

diversidad funcional de hongos, Espinal, micorriza, especies indicadoras

Resumen

Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) son simbiontes mutualistas asociados a la mayoría de las plantas terrestres. Las comunidades de HMA varían en composición y en historias de vida, y son afectadas por el uso y el manejo del suelo. Los bosques de caldén (Prosopis caldenia Burkart) de la provincia de San Luis han sufrido una reducción considerable de su superficie. Actualmente, sus relictos integran un paisaje compuesto por bosques y tierras cultivadas con Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) y Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (pasto llorón), dos especies forrajeras clave para la producción ganadera de la región. Dada la importancia ecológica y económica que tienen estos usos de suelo en la región, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar si la diversidad de los HMA es afectada por el cambio de uso de suelo del bosque de caldén a parcelas agrícolas de alfalfa o de pasto llorón, y si existen especies indicadoras para cada uso. Se establecieron 4 parcelas permanentes de bosques, 4 de alfalfa y 4 de pasto llorón. De cada parcela se recolectaron muestras de suelo, se les determinaron características fisicoquímicas y se les extrajeron las esporas de HMA. La composición de las comunidades de esporas fue diferente en cada uso de suelo. La riqueza de morfoespecies de esporas de HMA no mostró diferencias entre bosque y alfalfa, pero sí con pasto llorón. La abundancia total, la abundancia de esporas de especies ruderales y de estrés tolerantes fue significativamente mayor en alfalfas. Además, se identificaron 2 especies indicadoras en alfalfa, 1 en bosques y 2 en llorones. Este estudio provee evidencia que sugiere que el cambio de uso de suelo en el Caldenal altera de manera significativa la composición de las comunidades de esporas de HMA, lo cual puede afectar negativamente este bosque endémico.

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