Efecto de la luz, la humedad y la salinidad sobre el crecimiento de los organismos que componen la costra biológica del suelo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.3.0.1968Palabras clave:
biocostras, cianobacterias, cianolíquenes, musgosResumen
Las tierras secas constituyen ~41% de la superficie terrestre y sufren degradación, erosión de suelos, disminución de la cobertura y la diversidad de plantas vasculares y de costras biológicas del suelo. Las biocostras son comunidades de organismos como cianobacterias, líquenes, algas y briófitas asociadas a partículas del suelo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar condiciones óptimas de crecimiento de las costras biológicas mediante ensayos de propagación en vivero bajo distintos niveles de luz, humedad y salinidad. En invernadero se cultivaron distintos tipos de costras, dominadas por cianobacterias, cianolíquenes y musgos. Las biocostras fueron cultivadas en macetas bajo tratamientos de radiación (alta, media y baja) y riego (agua destilada cada tres y dos semanas, y riego semanal). A otro grupo de macetas se le agregó sal disuelta en el agua de riego (S1: 0.05 M de NaCl; S2: 0.1 M de NaCl). La cobertura total y por tipo funcional de costras se determinó mediante fotografías de cada maceta utilizando el software libre SamplePoint. Los resultados indicaron que la cobertura total de costras aumentó luego de 24 meses de cultivo y fue superior con los tratamientos de riego semanal para los niveles de radiación media y baja. Las macetas sembradas con musgos alcanzaron mayores coberturas de costras, más del 70%, seguidas por las macetas sembradas con cianobacterias y cianolíquenes. En macetas sin siembra también crecieron costras biológicas, favorecidas por las radiaciones bajas y medias con máximo nivel de riego. Además, al finalizar el ensayo, las cianobacterias crecieron en macetas sembradas con todos los tipos funcionales. El riego con solución salina perjudicó la cobertura de biocostras con respecto a las macetas sin agregado de solución salina. En conclusión, el tipo funcional sembrado, como cianobacterias y musgos, la radiación baja y máxima frecuencia de riego beneficiaron el crecimiento de las costras.
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