Muerte por reproducción sexual: El caso (sin resolver) de la floración de los bambúes

Autores/as

  • Carolina Guerreiro Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (CONICET-ANCEFN). San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Andrea S. Vega Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Botánica General. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.1976

Palabras clave:

ciclos de vida, consecuencias sociales y ambientales, determinantes ambientales, determinantes geneticos, sincronia reproductiva

Resumen

Los bambúes pertenecen a la familia de los pastos (o Poaceae). Existen 1698 especies de bambúes leñosos y herbáceos distribuidos alrededor del mundo en selvas y en bosques tropicales, subtropicales y templados. En nuestro país habitan cinco géneros y 23 especies de bambúes leñosos nativos. El aspecto más desconocido de los bambúes leñosos es su fenología reproductiva. Aunque se han descripto cuatro tipos de floración principales, las especies de bambúes más interesantes son las que poseen un patrón de floración masivo y cíclico luego de un período largo de crecimiento vegetativo. Dichos eventos de floración masiva ocurren a intervalos aproximadamente regulares, y luego de ellos, los individuos que florecen, mueren. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar una muestra informativa del conocimiento actual de la floración de los bambúes, con énfasis en las especies nativas de la Argentina. Al día de hoy se conoce la duración aproximada del ciclo de vida de la mayoría de las especies de bambúes leñosos de nuestro país, sobre la base de una extensa búsqueda bibliográfica y de una revisión de las colecciones de los principales herbarios nacionales e internacionales. En la mayoría de las especies, los ciclos de vida medios son múltiplos de 15-16 años, y el ciclo de 30 años es el más habitual. En este trabajo se describen las principales hipótesis sobre las fuerzas evolutivas que conducen a los bambúes a florecer, producir semillas y morir de forma sincrónica. Asimismo, se discuten los factores ambientales, genéticos y la combinación de ambos, propuestos como posibles ‘causas’ de este atípico patrón de floración. Finalmente, se enumeran las consecuencias ambientales y sociales de este fenómeno.

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Muerte por reproducción sexual: El caso (sin resolver) de la floración de los bambúes

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2023-02-25

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Guerreiro, C., & Vega, A. S. (2023). Muerte por reproducción sexual: El caso (sin resolver) de la floración de los bambúes. Ecología Austral, 33(1), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.1976