Determinantes ambientales a múltiples escalas de la infestación de ratas en hogares en un gradiente urbano rural en una zona subtropical de América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.1995Palabras clave:
características de las viviendas, escalas espaciales, mapa predictivo, paisaje, Rattus rattus, trampas de peloResumen
Las estrategias para la prevención y control de roedores comensales podría mejorar con el conocimiento de sus respuestas a factores ambientales que actúan a diferentes escalas espaciales. En este trabajo evaluamos qué características ambientales a diferentes escalas determinan los cambios en los niveles de infestación de roedores en un gradiente de paisaje subtropical urbano-rural en Misiones, Argentina. Se seleccionaron y muestrearon al menos una vez 87 hogares de un paisaje urbano, uno periurbano y uno rural, y nueve de ellos fueron, además, muestreados durante cinco estaciones consecutivas. La infestación de roedores se estimó usando estaciones de cebo no tóxico colocadas en los patios y jardines de los hogares. Las características ambientales a diferentes escalas se obtuvieron por medio de encuestas y relevamientos de campo y de una clasificación de la cobertura del suelo a partir de una imagen de satelital. Se detectaron Rattus spp. en el 42.5% de los hogares. Los menores valores de infestación de roedores se registraron en invierno. Los niveles de infestación mostraron una dependencia espacial hasta 2500 m. La infestación de roedores se asoció con el tipo de paisaje y las características ambientales a escala del macro- y del microhábitat. Las características del macrohábitat explicaron 53.7% de la variación de la infestación de roedores, mientras que las de la microescala explicaron 28% y el paisaje solo 2%. Este estudio provee evidencia de que las características de los hogares no serían los factores más importantes para explicar las variaciones de la abundancia de roedores comensales en las viviendas. En consecuencia, las medidas de prevención y control serían más efectivas si se aplicaran a la escala del macrohábitat (i.e., el vecindario) y en el invierno, dado que es el momento crítico, evitando las respuestas compensatorias de sus poblaciones.
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