Taxonomic diversity of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) assemblages in forest remnants in the Northeast of Argentina

Dario D. Larrea; Helga C. Achitte-Schmutzler; José M. Sánchez

doi:10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.2082

Autores/as

Dario D. Larrea Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Biología de los Artrópodos. Corrientes, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-1049
Helga C. Achitte-Schmutzler CONICET. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Biología de los Artrópodos. Corrientes, Argentina
José M. Sánchez CONICET, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada. Córdoba, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.2082

Palabras clave:

diversidad taxonomica, bosques, Argentina, hormigas

Resumen

La Argentina se encuentra entre los diez países del mundo con pérdida de grandes extensiones de bosques en los últimos años. Esta deforestación conduce a una pérdida inevitable de biodiversidad y a la fragmentación de los entornos naturales, con una mayor extinción de especies en pequeños parches. Las hormigas están representadas en todos los ecosistemas terrestres y cumplen papeles ecológicos relevantes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo varían los ensambles de hormigas en diferentes remanentes de bosque del noreste argentino (NEA), desde el enfoque de la diversidad taxonómica, que involucra las relaciones de clasificación linneana de los taxones. Las hormigas fueron recolectadas mediante técnicas de recolección manual y trampas pitfall en los bosques de 15 localidades del NEA durante los meses cálidos de 2015-2018. Se obtuvo un total de 600 muestras, 10741 individuos y 94 especies de hormigas, distribuidas en 41 géneros, 14 tribus y 9 subfamilias. Myrmicinae, Fomicinae y Ponerinae presentaron la mayor riqueza específica. Los resultados de distinción taxonómica (Δ+) y variación taxonómica promedio (Λ+) demostraron que todas las localidades se ubicaron dentro del promedio esperado. La diversidad beta medida por la disimilitud de especies (1-βJ) y disimilitud taxonómica (1-∆T), reflejada en los análisis NMDS y cluster, demostró que las localidades de la Reserva Iberá (Corrientes) difieren de las demás tanto en la composición específica como en las relaciones filogenéticas entre ellos. Esto podría indicar una microfauna de hormigas típica de la Reserva Iberá.

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