From competition to cooperation: Paradigm shifts in trait-based ecology change our understanding of the processes that structure microbial communities

Claudia Piccini; Melina Devercelli; Lilen Yema; Angel Segura; Marcela Bastidas Navarro; María B. Sathicq; Gabriela Martínez de la Escalera; Ana Martínez Goicoechea; Mariana Rodrigues Amaral Da Costa; Inés O'Farrell; Enrique Lara; Carla Kruk

doi:10.25260/EA.23.33.3.0.2093

Autores/as

Claudia Piccini Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Acuática, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. Montevideo, Uruguay
Melina Devercelli Instituto Nacional de Limnología, INALI (CONICET-UNL); Instituto Nacional del Agua, Subgerencia Centro Regional Litoral, SCRL-INA; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Marítima, Prefectura Naval Argentina, IUSM-PNA, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0464-2997
Lilen Yema Laboratorio de Limnología, IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-1378
Angel Segura MEDIA, Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Uruguay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-8899
Marcela Bastidas Navarro Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue). Bariloche, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-0451
María B. Sathicq Instituto de Limnología “Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet”, ILPLA (UNLP-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
Gabriela Martínez de la Escalera Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Acuática, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. Montevideo, Uruguay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-0777
Ana Martínez Goicoechea Laboratorio de Fitoplancton Tóxico, DINARA. Ecología Funcional de sistemas acuáticos, CURE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-7862
Mariana Rodrigues Amaral Da Costa Departamento de Ecologia Pós Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brasil
Inés O'Farrell Laboratorio de Limnología, IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2236-2905
Enrique Lara Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC. Madrid, España
Carla Kruk IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. MEDIA, Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Uruguay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0760-1186

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.3.0.2093

Palabras clave:

rasgos, teoría ecológica, cooperación, competencia, sesgos

Resumen

Las ideas y paradigmas sociales, económicos y políticos prevalecientes constituyen la lente a través de la cual las científicas y los científicos observamos, evaluamos y comprendemos el mundo. A menudo, esto impregna y afecta la interpretación de los mecanismos que rigen las interacciones entre organismos, y llega a generar paradigmas difíciles de poner en discusión. Un ejemplo es el caso de la teoría ecológica, cuyas perspectivas han seguido la lógica de los cambios sociales. Desde la época de la Revolución Industrial hasta muy recientemente, la competencia interespecífica por los recursos se consideró como una de las formas principales en que las especies interactúan. En la actualidad, presenciamos un cambio en la forma de pensar; su crecimiento es veloz, impulsado por las capacidades de secuenciación masiva, la microscopía de ultra resolución y la cantidad cada vez mayor de diferentes perspectivas sociales y de género con la que se abordan los estudios de ecología. Esta nueva perspectiva implica que los seres vivos no son organismos solitarios que interactúan con otros organismos solitarios, sino comunidades complejas de macro y microorganismos que conviven y evolucionan juntos. La información que emerge de este campo está dando nuevos aportes a aspectos antes ignorados de las interacciones ecológicas; en nuestra opinión, estos aportes cambiarán los principales paradigmas de la ecología. Como integrantes de la Red Científica Sudamericana de Ecología Microbiana Acuática (MicroSudAqua), en este trabajo exploramos explicaciones alternativas de las observaciones ecológicas, buscando nuevos rasgos que den cuenta de la cooperación entre microorganismos como una estrategia evolutiva y ecológica fundamental.

* Foto: Hyalosphenia papilio (Amoebozoa; Arcellinida), una especie de ameba que aloja algas endosimbióticas relacionadas con el género Chlorella. Estos organismos habitan en turberas boreales, un entorno oligotrófico donde obtienen los nutrientes necesarios a través de sus socios fotosintéticos. La ameba necesita al alga para completar su ciclo de vida y nunca ha sido observada sin ella. Imagen: Prof. Edward A. D. Mitchell.

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