Los arbustos de Ephedra facilitan las comunidades locales de artrópodos en la Puna andina: Implicancias para la conservación y la restauración de hábitats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.3.0.2292Palabras clave:
microhábitat arbustivo, islas de artrópodos, desiertos de alta montañaResumen
En los desiertos de altura, la vegetación se estructura espacialmente como un mosaico de parches de vegetación e interparches de suelo desnudo. Los parches con vegetación arbustiva crean microhábitats que facilitan la persistencia de otros organismos al suavizar las condiciones climáticas extremas y aumentar los nutrientes y la humedad del suelo. Aunque el efecto facilitador se estudió sobre todo en plantas que crecen bajo los arbustos, la influencia positiva podría extenderse a las comunidades locales de artrópodos. En este trabajo planteamos como hipótesis que la facilitación por las especies arbustivas Ephedra multiflora y E. breana tiene una influencia positiva sobre las comunidades de artrópodos epigeos de la Puna andina. Encontramos que la abundancia, la riqueza y la diversidad de artrópodos fue mayor en los micrositios con arbustos de Ephedra que en los micrositios pareados abiertos. Las duras condiciones ambientales de los ecosistemas de la Puna y la protección y los recursos que proporcionan las plantas pueden explicar la influencia positiva de los arbustos de Ephedra sobre la comunidad de artrópodos. El crecimiento del turismo y el auge del litio, así como el aumento de condiciones de sequía previsto para la región bajo escenarios de cambio climático, refuerzan la importancia de conservar la cubierta arbustiva en estos ecosistemas para mantener su biodiversidad y su funcionamiento. Nuestros resultados también son relevantes para proyectos de restauración que consideren al conjunto de las comunidades biológicas, en los que usar Ephedra como arbustos fundacionales podría ser una estrategia de restauración.
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