Caracterización de arroyos en cuencas con y sin manejo forestal en Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.24.34.3.0.2395Palabras clave:
manejo forestal, arroyos subantárticos, Tierra del FuegoResumen
Las cuencas hidrográficas del archipiélago fueguino albergan los bosques más australes del mundo y constituyen un mosaico complejo de ambientes. Pese a ser considerada una ecorregión prístina, los ecosistemas de la Patagonia Austral enfrentan perturbaciones múltiples; entre ellas, el manejo forestal. El 80% de la actividad forestal de la provincia de Tierra del Fuego se concentra en el centro de la región cordillerana, incluyendo áreas de bosque de Nothofagus pumilio. El objetivo de este estudio es entender la relación entre los arroyos fueguinos y el aprovechamiento forestal. Se eligieron arroyos en cuencas con (n=5) y sin (n=4) manejo forestal para investigar los efectos del aprovechamiento sobre las condiciones abióticas y los recursos basales del hábitat de los arroyos. Los nueve arroyos se estudiaron en verano, otoño y primavera. En general, nuestros resultados revelaron que los arroyos de cabecera que atraviesan los bosques subantárticos fueguinos están muy dominados por un régimen estacional. Ejemplos de esto fueron el caudal y la comunidad epilítica. Sin embargo, a pesar de mantenerse una franja de bosque ribereño en zonas de aprovechamiento, establecido por ley, la actividad forestal afectó las condiciones generales de la cuenca. En particular, se observa un aumento de nutrientes en cuencas con manejo forestal y una dinámica diferencial de la materia orgánica bentónica. Nuestro trabajo aporta información sobre la dinámica y la variación natural de los arroyos fueguinos. Además, en cuanto al efecto del manejo forestal, evidencia la necesidad de un monitoreo que contemple las características de la ribera (ancho y estructura vegetal), la antigüedad del evento de tala y el tipo de manejo forestal aplicado en la cuenca. Las medidas de conservación de los ambientes fluviales deben contemplar tanto el ambiente acuático como la integridad de la cuenca.
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