Influencia del uso de la tierra sobre la relación entre la diversidad de arañas y sus presas potenciales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.22.32.3.0.1904Palabras clave:
Aranae, cultivos de soja, diversidad funcional, plantaciones forestales, rasgos, riqueza específicaResumen
Los factores que regulan la diversidad de organismos a través de las redes tróficas han sido muy estudiados, aunque el componente ambiental no suele ser tenido en cuenta. En el marco de los cambios ambientales dados por el uso de la tierra y de su influencia sobre la biodiversidad, es clave considerar cómo esos cambios influyen sobre la regulación de las redes tróficas. Aquí nos propusimos investigar el efecto de la diversidad y la abundancia de presas sobre la diversidad de depredadores (arañas) en distintas condiciones ambientales dadas por el uso de la tierra. Se establecieron parcelas en sitios con cultivos de soja y plantaciones forestales. A la mitad de ellas se las trató aplicando cebo atractivo para presas potenciales de arañas, y el resto sin tratar sirvió de control. Se colectaron presas potenciales mediante trampas pegajosas, y arañas mediante trampas de caída. La respuesta de la riqueza específica, la diversidad funcional y los rasgos particulares de las arañas al tipo de uso de la tierra y al tratamiento con cebo se estudió por medio de modelos lineales generalizados mixtos incluyendo la interacción entre factores. La riqueza específica de arañas fue similar entre usos de la tierra y tratamiento con y sin cebo, aunque su abundancia fue mayor en campos de soja que en plantaciones. En éstas, la diversidad funcional resultó menor en las parcelas con cebo que en los controles. Los diferentes rasgos examinados mostraron respuestas variadas a los factores. Los cultivos de soja y las plantaciones de eucalipto parecen limitar la riqueza específica de arañas de manera similar, pero no la diversidad funcional, aun en presencia de mayor diversidad de recursos alimenticios.
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