Análisis y caracterización de poblaciones bacterianas solubilizadoras de P en un ensayo de larga duración con diferentes secuencias de cultivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.1962Palabras clave:
rotación de cultivos, biofertilizantes, Pseudomonas, PaenibacillusResumen
Se conoce bien que diferentes sistemas de uso y manejos de suelos afectan la abundancia, la actividad y la composición de la comunidad microbiana del suelo. En este trabajo se estudió el comportamiento de las poblaciones bacterianas cultivables y, en particular, las bacterias solubilizadoras de P (BSP) en muestras de suelo provenientes de un ensayo de larga duración con diferentes secuencias de cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos ponen en evidencia que el desmonte y el uso agrícola posterior luego de 11 años generó una disminución de la población de bacterias cultivables en general, y de las bacterias solubilizadoras de P en particular, con respecto al suelo prístino. Se obtuvieron aislamientos con una alta eficiencia de solubilización de P de los suelos provenientes de las diferentes rotaciones. Estos aislamientos eficientes se clasificaron taxonómicamente mediante análisis 16S RNA como pertenecientes a los géneros Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas y Xanthomonas. En particular, la caracterización de los sobrenadantes de cultivos de los aislamientos Pseudomonas koreensis y Paenibacillus pabuli mostraron que son productoras de ácidos orgánicos. Los ensayos de inoculación combinada de estas dos cepas sobre plantas de maíz en cámara de cultivo pusieron de manifiesto un efecto sinérgico sobre la promoción del crecimiento de esta especie. Los resultados aquí presentados sugieren que si bien las poblaciones de BSP son más numerosas en suelos prístinos, determinadas rotaciones de cultivos a largo plazo favorecen el incremento de bacterias solubilizadoras más eficientes, un aspecto que debería tenerse en cuenta al diseñar futuras estrategias de búsqueda de potenciales bioinoculantes.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Marcela L. Rörig, Analía M. Rodríguez, Ileana Frasier, Lorena Setten, Edit Otero Estrada, Mariana Solans, José M. Scervino, Daniel H. Grasso
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