Recolonización de algas tras una sequía extraordinaria en arroyos permanentes de llanura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.1.0.1999Palabras clave:
microalgas bentónicas, biofilm, disturbio, pérdida del caudal, arroyos templadosResumen
Las sequías reducen el hábitat y fragmentan la continuidad de los sistemas lóticos, produciendo efectos duraderos en la biota de los sedimentos y afectando densidad y biomasa de algas. Al producirse sequías, la supervivencia de algas y cianobacterias del biofilm depende de diferentes alternativas para superar el estrés. En los arroyos pampeanos, los periodos de interrupción o bajo caudal que estresan el biofilm pueden relacionarse con el fenómeno de El Niño/Oscilación del Sur y con la gestión del agua (e.g., riego/extracción), que reducen los caudales base, disminuyen el área húmeda y secan el lecho del arroyo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la respuesta de las algas epipélicas a la desecación, analizadas por grandes grupos algales (Cianobacterias, Dinoflagelados, Algas verdes, Diatomeas) en arroyos sin períodos frecuentes de sequía. Primero, estudiamos la distribución vertical de las algas en el sedimento del arroyo como estrategia de refugio durante el período de sequía, junto con la variación de la humedad del sedimento, en corers de sedimento de 10 cm divididos en seis segmentos a las profundidades 0-1 cm (superior), 1-2 cm, 2-3 cm, 3-4 cm, 4-5 cm y 5-10 cm. Segundo, analizamos los patrones de recolonización del ensamble de algas epipélicas tras la sequía, estudiando la sucesión de organismos autótrofos para comprender el papel de los sedimentos fluviales como fuente de poblaciones de algas. Para esto, corers de sedimento de 2 cm de profundidad fueron colocados en microcosmos con agua y estudiados durante 2 semanas. Nuestros resultados indicaron que cuando una sequía severa afecta a los arroyos, algas y cianobacterias sobreviven, pudiendo relacionarse con el contenido de humedad del sedimento. Además, tras la hidratación del sedimento, la comunidad autotrófica aumentó rápidamente su densidad. Las cianobacterias fueron el grupo más resistente a la desecación y el que más rápido reaccionó a la hidratación.
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