Choosing between human trash and trashed forests: Resilience in nonvolant Atlantic Forest small mammals

Fernanda Gatto-Almeida; Juliana Quadros; Liliani Marilia Tiepolo

doi:10.25260/EA.23.33.3.0.2034

Autores/as

Fernanda Gatto-Almeida Postgraduate Program in Zoology. Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas. Curitiba, PR, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8549-7279
Juliana Quadros Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2176-5497
Liliani Marilia Tiepolo Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-2768

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.3.0.2034

Palabras clave:

bioindicador, impacto, relleno sanitario, regeneración natural, bosque tropical

Resumen

Los vertederos de residuos sólidos al aire libre (basurales) crean problemas ambientales serios en Brasil y en todo el mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los patrones de ocurrencia de un ensamblaje de pequeños mamíferos no voladores en el área de un vertedero desactivado hace 19 años. A lo largo de nueve campañas se muestrearon tres sitios diferentes, ubicados en un área natural protegida del Bosque Atlántico subtropical, cerca de la ciudad de Matinhos, costa de Paraná, sur de Brasil. Los lugares seleccionados fueron un claro donde se descartaban residuos urbanos (Área 1), un lugar con menor influencia antrópica, con especies arbóreas y un sotobosque poco desarrollado (Área 2), y un lugar con vegetación bien formada, con estratos herbáceo, arbustivo y arbóreo bien desarrollados (Área 3). Con un esfuerzo total de captura de 5210 noches-trampa, se realizaron 109 capturas de 82 individuos de cinco especies de Rodentia (todas de la subfamilia Sigmodontinae) y tres especies de marsupiales (Orden Didelphimorphia). La zona más conservada (Área 3) tuvo mayor abundancia que las áreas 1 y 2 (prueba binomial; P<0.05). El Área 1, considerada más impactada, mostró menos riqueza de especies (n=6) que las otras dos áreas (7 y 8 especies), aunque esto puede estar afectado por el menor número de capturas. La diversidad del Área 1, estimada por el índice de Shannon, fue menor que en las áreas 2 y 3 (prueba de Hutchenson; H’=1.26 para el Área 1 vs. 1.76 y 1.68 para las áreas 2 y 3, respectivamente), aunque la composición de los ensambles no resultó diferente entre áreas (PERMANOVA: P=0.085). Nuestros resultados indican que, incluso después de 19 años de desmantelamiento, los residuos depositados aún influyen negativamente en el medio ambiente, y resaltan la resiliencia de algunas especies nativas de pequeños mamíferos para explotar los recursos en áreas degradadas.

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