El papel de la reproducción sexual y asexual de Prunus cerasus (Rosaceae) en la fructificación

Autores/as

  • Matías O. Berrondo Centro de Investigaciones Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP) (CONICET/UNPSJB)
  • Susana P. Bravo Centro de Investigaciones Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP) (CONICET/UNPSJB)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.25.35.1.0.2338

Palabras clave:

fenología, invasiones biológicas, oferta de frutos

Resumen

El cerezo ácido (Prunus cerasus) se dispersa e invade el Parque Nacional Los Alerces. Algunos individuos se establecen por germinación e incrementan localmente su abundancia por reproducción asexual. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar si la reproducción sexual era importante para aumentar la oferta de frutos en el tiempo, dado que los individuos originados por germinación varían en su fenología, mientras que los clones generados por los estolones fructifican de forma sincrónica. En un área de alta y otra de baja abundancia de cerezos se midieron las copas de 12 y 5 individuos, respectivamente, los diámetros de sus fustes, las áreas de sus parches de rebrote, la densidad de clones en los parches, y se estimó la producción de frutos de los clones. Además, se estudió por dos años la fenología de fructificación en ambos sitios en 19 y 5 individuos. El diámetro de los fustes se relacionó positivamente con el tamaño de las copas, pero no con el área ocupada por los parches de clones, ya que existieron distintas estrategias de crecimiento de parches, posiblemente relacionadas con las condiciones ambientales en que vive el individuo. Los clones incrementaron el área de fructificación de los individuos hasta 32 veces; la densidad de clones fue de hasta 2.47 individuos/m2, con una producción de frutos muy inferior a los individuos originales. Donde la invasión era incipiente, la oferta de frutos no superó los dos meses; donde estaba avanzada, se mantuvo de diciembre a mayo por la fructificación asincrónica entre parches. Ambos tipos de reproducción contribuyen al éxito de la invasión, aumentando la disponibilidad de frutos para la dispersión endozoocórica. Localmente, la reproducción sexual vuelve a la abundancia de frutos constante en el tiempo; la asexual, abundantes en el espacio. Posiblemente, esto ayude a atraer dispersores al inicio de la fructificación hacia el individuo original.

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El papel de la reproducción sexual y asexual de Prunus cerasus (Rosaceae) en la fructificación

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Publicado

2025-03-05

Cómo citar

Berrondo, M. O., & Bravo, S. P. (2025). El papel de la reproducción sexual y asexual de Prunus cerasus (Rosaceae) en la fructificación. Ecología Austral, 35(1), 029–042. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.25.35.1.0.2338