Trifolium resupinatum mantiene la floración y la eficiencia de la simbiosis micorrícica arbuscular bajo exceso hídrico

Yudith García-Ramírez; Noelia Cofré; Ileana García

doi:10.25260/EA.26.36.2.0.2598

Autores/as

Yudith García-Ramírez Laboratorio de Nutrición Vegetal y Micorrizas Arbusculares, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
Noelia Cofré Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET, FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Córdoba, Argentina
Ileana García Laboratorio de Nutrición Vegetal y Micorrizas Arbusculares, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.26.36.2.0.2598

Palabras clave:

trébol persa, estrés hídrico, absorción de fósforo, colonización micorrícica arbuscular

Resumen

1. La deficiencia de fósforo, el estrés hídrico y la presencia escasa de leguminosas en la cuenca del Río Salado (Buenos Aires) son factores que limitan la producción de forraje y, por lo tanto, la actividad ganadera regional. Trifolium resupinatum surge como una alternativa forrajera promisoria.
2. En este estudio se evaluó la respuesta adaptativa de T. resupinatum durante la floración ante condiciones de exceso hídrico, con énfasis en la movilización de fósforo en los tejidos y en la dinámica de su asociación con hongos micorrícicos arbusculares. Se realizó un ensayo en invernáculo con suelo Natracuol típico, comparando plantas adultas sometidas a exceso hídrico (nivel de agua 1 cm por encima del suelo) con un control (80% de capacidad de campo) durante 27 días.
3. El exceso hídrico redujo la biomasa aérea y radical en 34% y 29%, respectivamente, en relación con las plantas control. Las tasas de crecimiento relativo del vástago y de la raíz disminuyeron 25% y 33% respectivamente bajo dicho estrés, mientras que el largo radical específico aumentó 48%.
4. Se observó una disminución en el número de hojas por maceta y un aumento del 173% en la concentración de fósforo en las raíces de las plantas sometidas a exceso hídrico.
5. Los arbúsculos disminuyeron 44%, mientras que las vesículas y las hifas aumentaron 53% y 35%, respectivamente, bajo exceso hídrico.
6. Implicancias. Estos resultados indican que Trifolium resupinatum desarrolla mecanismos adaptativos que le permiten tolerar condiciones de exceso hídrico en un Natracuol típico, posicionándola como una alternativa forrajera viable para la región de la cuenca del Río Salado.

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