Germination patterns of Sebastiania commersoniana seeds (Baillon) Smith & Downs (Euphorbiaceae), a Chaco Serrano’s native tree with restoration interest
Keywords:
maternal effects, mother plant height, seed color, seed size, pre-germinative treatmentsAbstract
The development of reforestation techniques with native species is an important step towards the conservation and forest restoration. Here, we study patterns and germination capacity under different conditions of a native tree from the Chaco Serrano: Sebastiania commersoniana (Euphorbiaceae). This species shows signifi cant variations in germination between seeds of light and dark brown coat, perhaps because the light may be abortive or damaged by phytophagous insects. In one of the population, lower trees and heavier seeds had higher germination capacity, the latter could be because heavier seeds contain more reserves for the growing embryo and this would allow more effective germination. There were no signifi cant differences in germination after performing different experiments of caruncle removal, storage time, temperature and pre-germinative moisture and disinfection treatments.
References
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ASHWORTH, L & L MARTÍ. 2011. Forest fragmentation and seed germination of native plant species from the Chaco Serrano Forest, Argentina. Biotropica, 43:496-503.
BASKIN, CC & JM BASKIN 2001. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press. San Diego, USA. Pp. 666.
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BEVINGTON, J. 1986. Geographic differences in the seed germination of paper birch (Betula papyrifera). Am. J. Bot., 73:564-573.
BOIEIRO, M; C REGO; ARM SERRANO & X ESPADALER. 2010. The impact of specialist and generalist pre-dispersal seed predators on the reproductive output of a common anda rare Euphorbia species. Acta Oecol., 36:227-233.
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CHACON, P; R BUSTAMANTE & C HENRIQUEZ. 1998. The effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth of Cryptocarya alba (Laureaceae) in Chile. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 71:189-197.
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GAVIER, G & E BUCHER. 2004. Deforestación de las Sierras Chicas de Córdoba (Argentina) en el período 1970-1997. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba, Argentina, 101:3-27.
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LOBSTEIN MB & LL ROCKWOOD. 1993. Influence of elaiosome removal on germination in fi ve ant-dispersed plant species. Va. J. Sci., 44:59-72.
LONGHI, RA. 1995. Branquilho. Pp. 29-30 en: RA Longhi (ed.). Livro das árvores: árvores e arvoretas do sul. 2da ed. L&PM. Porto Alegre, Brasil. Pp. 174.
LORTIE, CJ & LW AARSSEN. 1999. The advantage of being tall: Higher fl owers receive more pollen in Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae). Ecoscience, 6:68-71.
MAGUIRE, JD. 1962. Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Sci., 2:176-177.
MEDEIROS, AC & A ZANON. 1998. Conservação de sementes de branquilho (Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) LB Smith & RJ Down) e de pinheiro-bravo (Podocarpus lambertii Klotzch ex Endl.), armazenadas em diferentes ambientes. Bol. Pesq. Fl., Colombo, 36:57-69.
MENDES, RC; DC FERNANDES-SANTOS DIAS; M DIAS-PEREIRA & PG BERGER. 2009. Tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis). Rev. Bras. Sementes, 31:187-194.
PIAGGIO, M & L DELFINO. 2009. Florística y fitosociología de un bosque fl uvial en Minas de Corrales, Rivera, Uruguay. Iheringia, 64:45-51.
PIMENTA, JA; E BIANCHINI & ME MEDRI. 1998. Adaptations to fl ooding by tropical trees: morphological and anatomical modifi cations. Oecol. Bras., 4:157-176.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. 2011. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. www.R-project.org.
ROACH, DA & RD WULFF. 1987. Maternal Effects in Plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18:209-235.
SANTOS, SRG & IB AGUIAR. 2000. Germinação de sementes de branquilho (Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs) em função do substrato e do regime de temperatura. Rev. Bras. Sementes, 22:120-126.
SANTOS, SRG & IB AGUIAR. 2005. Efeito da temperatura na germinação de sementes de Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) Smith & Downs separadas pela coloração do tegumento. Sci. For., 69:77-83.
SLETVOLD, N. 2002. Effects of plant size on reproductive output and offspring performance in the facultative biennial Digitalis purpurea. J. Ecol., 90:958-966.
TECCO, PA; DE GURVICH; S DÍAZ; N PÉREZ-HARGUINDEGUY & M CABIDO. 2006. Positive interaction between invasive plants: The infl uence of Pyracantha angustifolia on the recruitment of native and exotic woody species. Austral Ecol., 31:293-300.
VENABLE, LD. 1992. Size-number trade-offs and the variation of seed size with plant resources status. Am. Nat., 140:287-304.
Venables, WN & BD Ripley. 2002. Modern applied statistics with S. Fourth Edition. Springer, New York.
WEIS, MI. 1982. The effects of propagule size on germination and seedling growth in Mirabilis hirsuta. Can. J. Bot., 60:1868-1874.
ZAK, MR; M CABIDO & JG HODGSON. 2004. Do subtropical seasonal forests in the Gran Chaco, Argentina, have a future? Biol. Conserv., 120:589-598.
ZULOAGA, FO & O MORRONE. 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la Republica Argentina II. Missouri of the Botanical Garden Ress. USA. Pp. 618.
ZUUR, AF; EN IENO; NJ WALKER; AA SAVELIEV & GM SMITH. 2009. Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. Sringer, New York.
AGUIRRE, A & R MENDOZA. 2009. Especies exóticas invasoras: impactos sobre las poblaciones de fl ora y fauna, los procesos ecológicos y la economía. Pp. 277-318 en: Acosta, JL; LM Bazaldúa; A Bolívar; S Bourguet; S Gutiérrez; A Huerta; E Huerta & E Monroy (eds.). Capital natural de México: Estado de conservación y tendencias de cambio. Vol. II. Conabio, Mexico. Pp. 818.
AIZEN, MA; LA GARIBALDI & M DONDO. 2009. Expansión de la soja y diversidad de la agricultura argentina. Ecol. Austral, 19:45-54.
ASHWORTH, L & L MARTÍ. 2011. Forest fragmentation and seed germination of native plant species from the Chaco Serrano Forest, Argentina. Biotropica, 43:496-503.
BASKIN, CC & JM BASKIN 2001. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press. San Diego, USA. Pp. 666.
BATES, D; M MAECHLER & B BOLKER 2011. lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package version 0.999375-42. CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4
BAZZAZ, FA. 1979. The Physiological Ecology of Plant Succession. Ann. Rev.Ecol. Syst., 10:351-371.
BEVINGTON, J. 1986. Geographic differences in the seed germination of paper birch (Betula papyrifera). Am. J. Bot., 73:564-573.
BOIEIRO, M; C REGO; ARM SERRANO & X ESPADALER. 2010. The impact of specialist and generalist pre-dispersal seed predators on the reproductive output of a common anda rare Euphorbia species. Acta Oecol., 36:227-233.
CABIDO, MR & M ZAK. 1999. Vegetación del Norte de Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba y CONICET. Córdoba, Argentina. Pp. 65.
CAGNOLO, L; G VALLADARES; A SALVO; M CABIDO & M ZAK. 2009. Habitat fragmentation and species loss across three interacting trophic levels: effects of life-history and food- web traits. Conserv. Biol., 23:1167-1175.
CAPITANELLI, RG. 1979. Clima. Pp. 45-138 en: Vázquez, J; R Miatello & M Roqué (eds.). Geografía Física de la provincia de Córdoba. Ed. Boldt, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Pp. 463.
CARVALHO, PER. 1994. Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) L.B. Smith & R.J. Downs. Pp. 481-483 en: Carvalho, PER (ed.). Espécies fl orestais brasileiras: recomendações silviculturais, potencialidades e uso da madeira. Embrapa cnpf/spi. Brasilia, Brasil. Pp. 639.
CHACON, P; R BUSTAMANTE & C HENRIQUEZ. 1998. The effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth of Cryptocarya alba (Laureaceae) in Chile. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 71:189-197.
DEMAIO, P; UO KARLIN & M MEDINA. 2002. Árboles nativos del centro de Argentina. L.O.L.A. (Literature of Latin America). Buenos Aires, Argentina. Pp. 210.
FENNER, M & K THOMPSON. 2005. The ecology of seeds. 2da edn. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK. Pp. 250.
FUNES, G; S DÍAZ & P VENIER. 2009. La temperatura como principal determinante de la germinación en especies del Chaco seco de Argentina. Ecol. Austral, 19:129-138.
GAVIER, G & E BUCHER. 2004. Deforestación de las Sierras Chicas de Córdoba (Argentina) en el período 1970-1997. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba, Argentina, 101:3-27.
HERRERA, CM; M MEDRANO; PJ REY; AM SÁNCHEZ-LAFUENTE; MB GARCÍA; ET AL. 2002. Interaction of pollinators and herbivores on plant fitness suggests a pathway for correlated evolution of mutualism -and antagonism- related traits. Ecology, 99:16823-16828.
HOYOS, L; GI GAVIER; T KUEMMERLE; EH BUCHER; VC RADELOFF; ET AL. 2010. Invasion of glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum) and native forest loss in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba, Argentina. Biol. Invasions, 12:3261-3275.
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION. 1996. International Rules for Seed Testing. Rules Zürich, Switzerland. Pp. 335.
LAMB, D & D GILMOUR. 2003. Rehabilitation and Restoration of Degraded Forests. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK and WWF, Gland, Switzerland. Pp. 110.
LOBSTEIN MB & LL ROCKWOOD. 1993. Influence of elaiosome removal on germination in fi ve ant-dispersed plant species. Va. J. Sci., 44:59-72.
LONGHI, RA. 1995. Branquilho. Pp. 29-30 en: RA Longhi (ed.). Livro das árvores: árvores e arvoretas do sul. 2da ed. L&PM. Porto Alegre, Brasil. Pp. 174.
LORTIE, CJ & LW AARSSEN. 1999. The advantage of being tall: Higher fl owers receive more pollen in Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae). Ecoscience, 6:68-71.
MAGUIRE, JD. 1962. Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Sci., 2:176-177.
MEDEIROS, AC & A ZANON. 1998. Conservação de sementes de branquilho (Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) LB Smith & RJ Down) e de pinheiro-bravo (Podocarpus lambertii Klotzch ex Endl.), armazenadas em diferentes ambientes. Bol. Pesq. Fl., Colombo, 36:57-69.
MENDES, RC; DC FERNANDES-SANTOS DIAS; M DIAS-PEREIRA & PG BERGER. 2009. Tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis). Rev. Bras. Sementes, 31:187-194.
PIAGGIO, M & L DELFINO. 2009. Florística y fitosociología de un bosque fl uvial en Minas de Corrales, Rivera, Uruguay. Iheringia, 64:45-51.
PIMENTA, JA; E BIANCHINI & ME MEDRI. 1998. Adaptations to fl ooding by tropical trees: morphological and anatomical modifi cations. Oecol. Bras., 4:157-176.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. 2011. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. www.R-project.org.
ROACH, DA & RD WULFF. 1987. Maternal Effects in Plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18:209-235.
SANTOS, SRG & IB AGUIAR. 2000. Germinação de sementes de branquilho (Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs) em função do substrato e do regime de temperatura. Rev. Bras. Sementes, 22:120-126.
SANTOS, SRG & IB AGUIAR. 2005. Efeito da temperatura na germinação de sementes de Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) Smith & Downs separadas pela coloração do tegumento. Sci. For., 69:77-83.
SLETVOLD, N. 2002. Effects of plant size on reproductive output and offspring performance in the facultative biennial Digitalis purpurea. J. Ecol., 90:958-966.
TECCO, PA; DE GURVICH; S DÍAZ; N PÉREZ-HARGUINDEGUY & M CABIDO. 2006. Positive interaction between invasive plants: The infl uence of Pyracantha angustifolia on the recruitment of native and exotic woody species. Austral Ecol., 31:293-300.
VENABLE, LD. 1992. Size-number trade-offs and the variation of seed size with plant resources status. Am. Nat., 140:287-304.
Venables, WN & BD Ripley. 2002. Modern applied statistics with S. Fourth Edition. Springer, New York.
WEIS, MI. 1982. The effects of propagule size on germination and seedling growth in Mirabilis hirsuta. Can. J. Bot., 60:1868-1874.
ZAK, MR; M CABIDO & JG HODGSON. 2004. Do subtropical seasonal forests in the Gran Chaco, Argentina, have a future? Biol. Conserv., 120:589-598.
ZULOAGA, FO & O MORRONE. 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la Republica Argentina II. Missouri of the Botanical Garden Ress. USA. Pp. 618.
ZUUR, AF; EN IENO; NJ WALKER; AA SAVELIEV & GM SMITH. 2009. Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. Sringer, New York.
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2012-08-01
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Valfré-Giorello, T. A., Ashworth, L., & Renison, D. (2012). Germination patterns of Sebastiania commersoniana seeds (Baillon) Smith & Downs (Euphorbiaceae), a Chaco Serrano’s native tree with restoration interest. Ecología Austral, 22(2), 092–100. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1252
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