Conceptual and Methodological Elements for Cumulative Environmental Effects Assessment (CEEA) in Subtropical Forests. The Case of Eastern Salta, Argentina
Keywords:
deforestation, evapotranspiration, landscape fragmentation, carbon gains, greenhouse gases, land use changeAbstract
Northern Argentina experienced an unprecedented deforestation rate of xerophitic forests as a consequence of agricultural expansion. In the Province of Salta, 26% of the forest were removed between 1977 and 2008. At the end of 2007, just before the No. 26331 Law of Native Forest Protection was voted by the Congress, the highest annual rate of deforestation was registered, reaching a value of 2.1%. Regarding this situation, indigenous people of Eastern Salta along with the “criollos” (local small ranchers) appealed to the National Supreme Court of Justice for legal protection. The Court requested the province to elaborate a Cumulative Environmental Effects Assessment (CEEA) regarding the process of logging and deforestation in four departments of Salta Province (San Martín, Rivadavia, Santa Victoria, and Orán). The aim of this work is to present a conceptual framework to conduct a CEEA in eastern Salta and to present the evidences and existing methodologies to characterize the impacts of deforestation. The conceptual framework suggested depends on the quantitative characterization of the changes in the provision level of key ecosystem services as a function of the stress and/or disturbance level (in this case deforestation). Based on the literature and our own data, the effects of deforestation on four key ecosystem services have been assessed: C dynamics, energy balance and greenhouse gases emissions, water dynamics and landscape structure. Deforestation produced emissions of 2000 t of CH4, 200 t of N2O, above 20 Gg of C/year, a 1.1 watt/m2 reduction in reflected radiation and 4400 TJ radiative energy emissions caused by deforestation fires, increases in the risk of soil salinization and landscape fragmentation. Considering these aspects of the structure and functioning of the ecosystems provides objective elements to evaluate management alternatives and to elaborate monitoring programmes. To consider such management and monitoring alternatives arises technical challenges but also institutional and political ones.
References
AIZEN, MA & P FEISINGER. 1994. Forest fragmentation, pollination, and plant reproduction in a Chaco Dry Forest, Argentina. Ecology 75(2):330-351.
AIDE, TM & HR GRAU. 2004. Globalization, Migration and Latin American Ecosystems. Science 305:1915-1916.
BAEZA, S; F LEZAMA; G PIÑEIRO; A ALTESOR & JM PARUELO. 2009. Spatial variability of above-ground net primary production in Uruguayan grasslands: a remote sensing approach. Applied Vegetation Science 13:72-85.
BALDI, G; JP GUERSCHMAN & JM PARUELO. 2006. Landscape fragmentation in the Río de la Plata Grasslands of Argentina. Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment 116:197-208.
BALDI, G & JM PARUELO. 2008. Land-Use and Land Cover Dynamics in South American Temperate Grasslands. Ecology and Society 13(2):6.
BIANCHI, AR; CE YÁÑEZ & LR ACUÑA. 2005. Base de datos mensuales de precipitaciones del Noroeste Argentino. Instituto Nacional de tecnología Agropecuaria. Proyecto Riesgo Agropecuario, Convenio Específico No 3 al Convenio No 141 INTA-SAGPYA. Pp. 41.
BOWMAN, DMJS; JK BALCH; P ARTAXO; WJ BOND; JM CARLSON; ET AL. 2009. Fire in the Earth system. Science 324:481-484.
BOYD, J & S BANZHAF. 2007. What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units. Ecological Economics 63(2-3):616-626.
BUREL, F & J BAUDRY. 2002. Ecología del paisaje: conceptos, métodos y aplicaciones. Ediciones Mundi Prensa. Madrid.
CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY (CEAA). 1998. Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners Guide. Hull, Quebec. Canadá.
CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY (CEAA). 1999. Operational Policy Statement: Addressing Cumulative Environmental Impact Under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. Hull, Quebec. Canadá.
CANEY, S. 2008. Human rights, climate change, and discounting. Environmental Politics 17(4): 536–555.
CHACOFF, NP; JM MORALES & MDP VAQUERA. 2004. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the abortion and predation of seeds in Chaco Serrano. Biotropica 36(1):109-117.
CONESA FERNÁNDEZ-VÍTORA, V. 2003. Guía metodológica para la evaluación del impacto ambiental. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid.
COOK, PG; GR WALKER & ID JOLLY. 1989. Spatial variability of groundwater recharge in a semiarid region. Journal Hydrology 111:195-212.
COSTANZA, R; R D‘ARGE; R DE GROOT; S FARBER; M GRASSO; ET AL. 1998. The value of ecosystem services: putting the issue in perspective. Ecological Economics 25:67-72.
COURT, JD; CJ WRIGHT & AC GUTHRIE. 1994. Assessment of Cumulative Impact and Strategic Assessment in Environmental Impact. Assessment. Barton, Australia.
DI BELLA, CM; CM REBELLA & JM PARUELO. 2000. Evapotranspiration estimates using NOAA AVHRR imagery in the Pampa region of Argentina. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21:791-797.
DI BELLA, CM; EG JOBBÁGY; JM PARUELO & S PINNOCK. 2006. Continental fire density in South America. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15:192-199.
DOELLE, M & AJ SINCLAIR. 2006. Time for a new approach to public participation in EA: Promoting cooperation and consensus for sustainability. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 26:185-205.
DURO, DC; NC COOPS; MA WULDER & T HAN. 2007. Development of a large area biodiversity monitoring system driven by remote sensing. Progress in Physical Geography 31(3):235-260.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 1999. Guidelines for the Assessment of Indirect and Cumulative Impacts as well as Impact Interactions. Brussels.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 2000. Communication from the Commission on the precautionary principle. Brussels.
FAHRIG, L. 2003. Effects on habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 34:487-515.
FISHER, B; RK TURNER & P MORLING. 2009. Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecological Economics 68:643-653.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO). 2007. Situación de los Bosques del Mundo, 2007. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación, Roma, Italia. Pp. 143.
GALETTO, L; R AGUILAR; M MUSICANTE; J ASTEGIANO; A FERRERAS; ET AL. 2007. Fragmentación de hábitat, riqueza de polinizadores, polinización y reproducción de plantas nativas en el Bosque Chaqueño de Córdoba, Argentina. Ecología Austral 17:67-80.
GASPARRI, I; RH GRAU & E MANGHI. 2008. Carbon pooles and emisions from deforestation in extra-tropical forests of Northern Argentina between 1900 and 2005. Ecosystems 11:1247-1261.
GASPARRI, NI & HR GRAU. 2009. Deforestation and fragmentation of Chaco dry forest in NW Argentina (1972-2007). Forest Ecology and Management 258:913-921.
GEORGE, RJ; DJ MCFARLANE & RA NULSEN. 1997. Salinity threatens the viability of agriculture and ecosystems in Western Australia. Hydrogeology Journal 5:6-21.
GRAU, H; N GASPARRI & TM AIDE. 2005. Agriculture expansion and deforestation in seasonally dry forests of north-west Argentina. Environmental Conservation 32:140-148.
GRAU, HR; NI GASPARRI; MM MORALES; A GRAU; E ARAOZ; ET AL. 2007. Regeneración ambiental en el Noroeste Argentino. Ciencia Hoy 17:42-55.
GRAU, RH & M AIDE. 2008. Globalization and Land-Use Transitions in Latin America. Ecology and Society 13(2):16.
GRAU, RH; I GASPARRI & M AIDE. 2008. Balancing food production and nature conservation in the Neotropical dry forests of northern Argentina. Global Change Biology 14:985-997.
GREEN, RE; SJ CORNELL; JPW SCHARLEMANN & A BALMFORD. 2005. Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature. Science 307:550-555.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGÍA AGROPECUARIA (INTA). 2006. Mapa digital de precipitación media anual del NOA. [fecha de consulta: 22 de diciembre 2010]. www.inta.gov.ar/prorenoa/info/resultados/mapa_precip/precip_anual_noa.htm
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGÍA AGROPECUARIA (INTA). 2009. Desarrollo metodológico y operativo para el relevamiento, correlación y evaluación de tierras. Área piloto: Las Lajitas, provincia de Salta. Ediciones INTA 2009. [fecha de consulta: 10 de diciembre 2010]. www.inta.gov.ar/prorenoa/info/suelos_lajitas.htm.
IZQUIERDO, AE; CD DE ANGELO & M AIDE. 2008. Thirty years of human demography and land-use change in the Atlantic forest of Misiones, Argentina: an evaluation of the Forest Transition Model. Ecology and Society 13(2):3.
IZQUIERDO, AE & HR GRAU. 2009. Agriculture adjustment, land-use transition and protected areas in Northwestern Argentina. Journal of Environmental Management 90:858-865.
JOBBÁGY, EG; MD NOSETTO; CS SANTONI & G BALDI. 2008. El desafío ecohidrológico de las transiciones entre sistemas leñosos y herbáceos en la llanura Chaco-Pampeana. Ecología Austral 18:305-322.
KRUESS, A & T TSCHARNTKE. 1994. Habitat Fragmentation, Species Loss, and Biological Control. Science 264(5165):1581-1584.
LEAKE, A & M DE ECÓNOMO. 2008. La deforestación de Salta 2004-2007. Fundación Asociana, Editorial Milor, Salta, Argentina.
LEBLANC, MJ; G FAVREAU; S MASSUEL; SO TWEED & M LOIREAU. 2008. Land clearance and hydrological change in the Sahel: SW Niger. Global and Planetary Change 61(3-4):135-150.
LEDUC, C; G FAVREAU & P SCHROETER. 2001. Long- term rise in a Sahelian water-table: the Continental Terminal in South-West Niger. Journal Hydrology 243:43-54.
MATHER, AS. 1992. The forest transition. Area 24: 367-379.
MATHER, AS & CL NEEDLE. 1998. The forest transition: A theoretical basis. Area 30:117-124.
MCNAUGHTON, S; M OESTERHELD; D FRANCK & K WILLIAMS. 1989. Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats. Nature 341:142-144.
NORTON, BG. 2005. Sustainability. A philosophy of adaptive ecosystem management. Chicago, IL, and London: The University of Chicago Press.
NOSETTO, MD; EG JOBBÁGY & JM PARUELO. 2005. Land use change and water losses: the case of grassland afforestation across a soil textural gradient in central Argentina. Global Change Biology 11:1-17.
OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER (ODPM). 2005. A Practical Guide to the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.
PARUELO, JM; EG JOBBÁGY & OE SALA. 2001. Current distribution of ecosystem functional types in temperate South America. Ecosystems 4:683-698.
PARUELO, JM; MF GARBULSKY; JP GUERSCHMAN & EG JOBBÁGY. 2004a. Two decades of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index changes in South America: identifying the imprint of global change. Int. J. Remote Sensing 14:2793-2806.
PARUELO, JM; M OESTERHELD; F DEL PINO; JP GUERSCHMAN; SR VERÓN; ET AL. 2004b. Patrones espaciales y temporales de la expansión de soja en Argentina. Relación con factores socio-económicos y ambientales. Informe final. Laboratorio de Análisis Regional y Teledetección de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
PARUELO, JM. 2008. La caracterización funcional de ecosistemas mediante sensores remotos. Ecosistemas 17(3):4-22.
PARUELO JM; D ALCARAZ SEGURA & JN VOLANTE. 2011. El seguimiento del nivel de provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos. En: Laterra, P; EG Jobbágy & JM Paruelo (eds.). Expansión e intensificación agrícola en Argentina: Valoración de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos para el ordenamiento territorial. Ed, INTA Buenos Aires
PERFECTO, I & J VANDERMEER. 2009. The agroecological matrix as alternative to the land sparing/ agriculture intensification model. PNAS 107(13)5786-5791.
PROYECTO DE RELEVAMIENTO DE CULTIVOS DEL NOA (PRORENOA); J VOLANTE; A BIANCHI; H PAOLI; Y NOÉ; ET AL. 2005. Análisis de la Dinámica del Uso del Suelo Agrícola del Noroeste Argentino Mediante Teledetección y Sistemas de Información Geográfica Período 2000-2005. Ediciones INTA 2009. [fecha de consulta: 10 de diciembre 2010]. www.inta.gov.ar/prorenoa/info/resultados/uso_suelo/analisis_uso_suelo.htm
RAMACHANDRA, TV; MD SUBASH CHANDRAN; KV GURURAJA & SREEKANTHA. 2006. Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
RIITTERS, KH; RV O’NEILL; CT HUNSAKER; JD WICKHAM; DH YANKEE; ET AL. 1995. A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics. Landscape Ecology 10:23-39.
SANTONI, CS; EG JOBBÁGY; V MARCHESINI & S CONTRERAS. 2008. Diferentes usos del suelo: consecuencias sobre balance hídrico y drenaje profundo en zonas semiáridas. XXI Congreso argentino de la ciencia del suelo: Semiárido: un desafío para la Ciencia. San Luis, Argentina.
SARAVANAMUTHU, K. 2006. Emancipatory accounting and sustainable development: a Gandhian–Vedic theorization of experimenting with truth. Sustainable Development 14:234-244.
SCANLON, BR; RC REEDY; DA STONESTROM; DE PRUDIC & KF DENNEHY. 2005. Impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge and quality in the southwestern US. Global Change Biology 11:1577-1593.
SCANLON, BR; KE KEESE; AL FLINT; LE FLINT & CB GAYE. 2006. Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in semiarid and arid regions. Hydrology Process 20:3335-3370.
SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE. 2006. SEA Tool Kit - Offers Guidance for the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005. Available online: www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/09/13104943/0.
SMIT, B & H SPALING. 1995. Methods for cumulative effects assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 15:81-106.
SORIANO, A & JM PARUELO. 1992. Biozones: Vegetation units of functional character identifiables with the aid of satellite images. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 2:82-89.
VALLADARES, G; A SALVO & L CAGNOLO. 2006. Habitat Fragmentation Effects on Trophic Processes of Insect-Plant Food Webs. Conservation Biology 20(1)1: 212-217.
VOLANTE, JN; AR BIANCHI; HP PAOLI; YE NOÉ; HJ ELENA: ET AL. 2006. Análisis de la Dinámica del Uso del Suelo Agrícola del Noroeste Argentino Mediante Teledetección y SIG. Período 2000-2005. Ediciones INTA. Pp. 64.
AIDE, TM & HR GRAU. 2004. Globalization, Migration and Latin American Ecosystems. Science 305:1915-1916.
BAEZA, S; F LEZAMA; G PIÑEIRO; A ALTESOR & JM PARUELO. 2009. Spatial variability of above-ground net primary production in Uruguayan grasslands: a remote sensing approach. Applied Vegetation Science 13:72-85.
BALDI, G; JP GUERSCHMAN & JM PARUELO. 2006. Landscape fragmentation in the Río de la Plata Grasslands of Argentina. Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment 116:197-208.
BALDI, G & JM PARUELO. 2008. Land-Use and Land Cover Dynamics in South American Temperate Grasslands. Ecology and Society 13(2):6.
BIANCHI, AR; CE YÁÑEZ & LR ACUÑA. 2005. Base de datos mensuales de precipitaciones del Noroeste Argentino. Instituto Nacional de tecnología Agropecuaria. Proyecto Riesgo Agropecuario, Convenio Específico No 3 al Convenio No 141 INTA-SAGPYA. Pp. 41.
BOWMAN, DMJS; JK BALCH; P ARTAXO; WJ BOND; JM CARLSON; ET AL. 2009. Fire in the Earth system. Science 324:481-484.
BOYD, J & S BANZHAF. 2007. What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units. Ecological Economics 63(2-3):616-626.
BUREL, F & J BAUDRY. 2002. Ecología del paisaje: conceptos, métodos y aplicaciones. Ediciones Mundi Prensa. Madrid.
CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY (CEAA). 1998. Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners Guide. Hull, Quebec. Canadá.
CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY (CEAA). 1999. Operational Policy Statement: Addressing Cumulative Environmental Impact Under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. Hull, Quebec. Canadá.
CANEY, S. 2008. Human rights, climate change, and discounting. Environmental Politics 17(4): 536–555.
CHACOFF, NP; JM MORALES & MDP VAQUERA. 2004. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the abortion and predation of seeds in Chaco Serrano. Biotropica 36(1):109-117.
CONESA FERNÁNDEZ-VÍTORA, V. 2003. Guía metodológica para la evaluación del impacto ambiental. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid.
COOK, PG; GR WALKER & ID JOLLY. 1989. Spatial variability of groundwater recharge in a semiarid region. Journal Hydrology 111:195-212.
COSTANZA, R; R D‘ARGE; R DE GROOT; S FARBER; M GRASSO; ET AL. 1998. The value of ecosystem services: putting the issue in perspective. Ecological Economics 25:67-72.
COURT, JD; CJ WRIGHT & AC GUTHRIE. 1994. Assessment of Cumulative Impact and Strategic Assessment in Environmental Impact. Assessment. Barton, Australia.
DI BELLA, CM; CM REBELLA & JM PARUELO. 2000. Evapotranspiration estimates using NOAA AVHRR imagery in the Pampa region of Argentina. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21:791-797.
DI BELLA, CM; EG JOBBÁGY; JM PARUELO & S PINNOCK. 2006. Continental fire density in South America. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15:192-199.
DOELLE, M & AJ SINCLAIR. 2006. Time for a new approach to public participation in EA: Promoting cooperation and consensus for sustainability. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 26:185-205.
DURO, DC; NC COOPS; MA WULDER & T HAN. 2007. Development of a large area biodiversity monitoring system driven by remote sensing. Progress in Physical Geography 31(3):235-260.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 1999. Guidelines for the Assessment of Indirect and Cumulative Impacts as well as Impact Interactions. Brussels.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 2000. Communication from the Commission on the precautionary principle. Brussels.
FAHRIG, L. 2003. Effects on habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 34:487-515.
FISHER, B; RK TURNER & P MORLING. 2009. Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecological Economics 68:643-653.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO). 2007. Situación de los Bosques del Mundo, 2007. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación, Roma, Italia. Pp. 143.
GALETTO, L; R AGUILAR; M MUSICANTE; J ASTEGIANO; A FERRERAS; ET AL. 2007. Fragmentación de hábitat, riqueza de polinizadores, polinización y reproducción de plantas nativas en el Bosque Chaqueño de Córdoba, Argentina. Ecología Austral 17:67-80.
GASPARRI, I; RH GRAU & E MANGHI. 2008. Carbon pooles and emisions from deforestation in extra-tropical forests of Northern Argentina between 1900 and 2005. Ecosystems 11:1247-1261.
GASPARRI, NI & HR GRAU. 2009. Deforestation and fragmentation of Chaco dry forest in NW Argentina (1972-2007). Forest Ecology and Management 258:913-921.
GEORGE, RJ; DJ MCFARLANE & RA NULSEN. 1997. Salinity threatens the viability of agriculture and ecosystems in Western Australia. Hydrogeology Journal 5:6-21.
GRAU, H; N GASPARRI & TM AIDE. 2005. Agriculture expansion and deforestation in seasonally dry forests of north-west Argentina. Environmental Conservation 32:140-148.
GRAU, HR; NI GASPARRI; MM MORALES; A GRAU; E ARAOZ; ET AL. 2007. Regeneración ambiental en el Noroeste Argentino. Ciencia Hoy 17:42-55.
GRAU, RH & M AIDE. 2008. Globalization and Land-Use Transitions in Latin America. Ecology and Society 13(2):16.
GRAU, RH; I GASPARRI & M AIDE. 2008. Balancing food production and nature conservation in the Neotropical dry forests of northern Argentina. Global Change Biology 14:985-997.
GREEN, RE; SJ CORNELL; JPW SCHARLEMANN & A BALMFORD. 2005. Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature. Science 307:550-555.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGÍA AGROPECUARIA (INTA). 2006. Mapa digital de precipitación media anual del NOA. [fecha de consulta: 22 de diciembre 2010]. www.inta.gov.ar/prorenoa/info/resultados/mapa_precip/precip_anual_noa.htm
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGÍA AGROPECUARIA (INTA). 2009. Desarrollo metodológico y operativo para el relevamiento, correlación y evaluación de tierras. Área piloto: Las Lajitas, provincia de Salta. Ediciones INTA 2009. [fecha de consulta: 10 de diciembre 2010]. www.inta.gov.ar/prorenoa/info/suelos_lajitas.htm.
IZQUIERDO, AE; CD DE ANGELO & M AIDE. 2008. Thirty years of human demography and land-use change in the Atlantic forest of Misiones, Argentina: an evaluation of the Forest Transition Model. Ecology and Society 13(2):3.
IZQUIERDO, AE & HR GRAU. 2009. Agriculture adjustment, land-use transition and protected areas in Northwestern Argentina. Journal of Environmental Management 90:858-865.
JOBBÁGY, EG; MD NOSETTO; CS SANTONI & G BALDI. 2008. El desafío ecohidrológico de las transiciones entre sistemas leñosos y herbáceos en la llanura Chaco-Pampeana. Ecología Austral 18:305-322.
KRUESS, A & T TSCHARNTKE. 1994. Habitat Fragmentation, Species Loss, and Biological Control. Science 264(5165):1581-1584.
LEAKE, A & M DE ECÓNOMO. 2008. La deforestación de Salta 2004-2007. Fundación Asociana, Editorial Milor, Salta, Argentina.
LEBLANC, MJ; G FAVREAU; S MASSUEL; SO TWEED & M LOIREAU. 2008. Land clearance and hydrological change in the Sahel: SW Niger. Global and Planetary Change 61(3-4):135-150.
LEDUC, C; G FAVREAU & P SCHROETER. 2001. Long- term rise in a Sahelian water-table: the Continental Terminal in South-West Niger. Journal Hydrology 243:43-54.
MATHER, AS. 1992. The forest transition. Area 24: 367-379.
MATHER, AS & CL NEEDLE. 1998. The forest transition: A theoretical basis. Area 30:117-124.
MCNAUGHTON, S; M OESTERHELD; D FRANCK & K WILLIAMS. 1989. Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats. Nature 341:142-144.
NORTON, BG. 2005. Sustainability. A philosophy of adaptive ecosystem management. Chicago, IL, and London: The University of Chicago Press.
NOSETTO, MD; EG JOBBÁGY & JM PARUELO. 2005. Land use change and water losses: the case of grassland afforestation across a soil textural gradient in central Argentina. Global Change Biology 11:1-17.
OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER (ODPM). 2005. A Practical Guide to the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.
PARUELO, JM; EG JOBBÁGY & OE SALA. 2001. Current distribution of ecosystem functional types in temperate South America. Ecosystems 4:683-698.
PARUELO, JM; MF GARBULSKY; JP GUERSCHMAN & EG JOBBÁGY. 2004a. Two decades of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index changes in South America: identifying the imprint of global change. Int. J. Remote Sensing 14:2793-2806.
PARUELO, JM; M OESTERHELD; F DEL PINO; JP GUERSCHMAN; SR VERÓN; ET AL. 2004b. Patrones espaciales y temporales de la expansión de soja en Argentina. Relación con factores socio-económicos y ambientales. Informe final. Laboratorio de Análisis Regional y Teledetección de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
PARUELO, JM. 2008. La caracterización funcional de ecosistemas mediante sensores remotos. Ecosistemas 17(3):4-22.
PARUELO JM; D ALCARAZ SEGURA & JN VOLANTE. 2011. El seguimiento del nivel de provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos. En: Laterra, P; EG Jobbágy & JM Paruelo (eds.). Expansión e intensificación agrícola en Argentina: Valoración de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos para el ordenamiento territorial. Ed, INTA Buenos Aires
PERFECTO, I & J VANDERMEER. 2009. The agroecological matrix as alternative to the land sparing/ agriculture intensification model. PNAS 107(13)5786-5791.
PROYECTO DE RELEVAMIENTO DE CULTIVOS DEL NOA (PRORENOA); J VOLANTE; A BIANCHI; H PAOLI; Y NOÉ; ET AL. 2005. Análisis de la Dinámica del Uso del Suelo Agrícola del Noroeste Argentino Mediante Teledetección y Sistemas de Información Geográfica Período 2000-2005. Ediciones INTA 2009. [fecha de consulta: 10 de diciembre 2010]. www.inta.gov.ar/prorenoa/info/resultados/uso_suelo/analisis_uso_suelo.htm
RAMACHANDRA, TV; MD SUBASH CHANDRAN; KV GURURAJA & SREEKANTHA. 2006. Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
RIITTERS, KH; RV O’NEILL; CT HUNSAKER; JD WICKHAM; DH YANKEE; ET AL. 1995. A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics. Landscape Ecology 10:23-39.
SANTONI, CS; EG JOBBÁGY; V MARCHESINI & S CONTRERAS. 2008. Diferentes usos del suelo: consecuencias sobre balance hídrico y drenaje profundo en zonas semiáridas. XXI Congreso argentino de la ciencia del suelo: Semiárido: un desafío para la Ciencia. San Luis, Argentina.
SARAVANAMUTHU, K. 2006. Emancipatory accounting and sustainable development: a Gandhian–Vedic theorization of experimenting with truth. Sustainable Development 14:234-244.
SCANLON, BR; RC REEDY; DA STONESTROM; DE PRUDIC & KF DENNEHY. 2005. Impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge and quality in the southwestern US. Global Change Biology 11:1577-1593.
SCANLON, BR; KE KEESE; AL FLINT; LE FLINT & CB GAYE. 2006. Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in semiarid and arid regions. Hydrology Process 20:3335-3370.
SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE. 2006. SEA Tool Kit - Offers Guidance for the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005. Available online: www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/09/13104943/0.
SMIT, B & H SPALING. 1995. Methods for cumulative effects assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 15:81-106.
SORIANO, A & JM PARUELO. 1992. Biozones: Vegetation units of functional character identifiables with the aid of satellite images. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 2:82-89.
VALLADARES, G; A SALVO & L CAGNOLO. 2006. Habitat Fragmentation Effects on Trophic Processes of Insect-Plant Food Webs. Conservation Biology 20(1)1: 212-217.
VOLANTE, JN; AR BIANCHI; HP PAOLI; YE NOÉ; HJ ELENA: ET AL. 2006. Análisis de la Dinámica del Uso del Suelo Agrícola del Noroeste Argentino Mediante Teledetección y SIG. Período 2000-2005. Ediciones INTA. Pp. 64.
Downloads
Published
2011-08-01
How to Cite
Paruelo, J. M., Verón, S. R., Volante, J. N., Seghezzo, L., Vallejos, M., Aguiar, S., Amdan, L., Baldassini, P., Ciuffolif, L., Huykman, N., Davanzo, B., González, E., Landesmann , J., & Picardi, D. (2011). Conceptual and Methodological Elements for Cumulative Environmental Effects Assessment (CEEA) in Subtropical Forests. The Case of Eastern Salta, Argentina. Ecología Austral, 21(2), 163–178. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1283
Issue
Section
Reviews
License
Copyright (c) 2020 José M. Paruelo, Santiago R. Verón, José N. Volante, Lucas Seghezzo, María Vallejos, Sebastián Aguiar, Laura Amdan, Pablo Baldassini, Lucía Ciuffolif, Natalia Huykman, Bárbara Davanzo, Eliana González, Jennifer Landesmann , Daniela Picardi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Authors retain their rights as follows: 1) by granting the journal the right to its first publication, and 2) by registering the published article with a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which allows authors and third parties to view and use it as long as they clearly mention its origin (citation or reference, including authorship and first publication in this journal). Authors can make other non-exclusive distribution agreements as long as they clearly indicate their origin and are encouraged to widely share and disseminate the published version of their work.
