Woody perennials for environments affected by salinity. A synopsis of the argentine contribution on this topic

Authors

  • Edith Taleisnik IFFIVE, Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal - INTA. Córdoba. Argentina.
  • Diego López Lauestein IFFIVE, Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal - INTA. Córdoba. Argentina.

Keywords:

salinity stress, native forest, trees, Prosopis

Abstract

Salinity is a concern in Argentina, which ranks third after Russia and Australia in soil surface affected by this condition. The purpose of this review is to point to the contribution of Argentine scientists to research on woody perennials in relation to salinity. Studies on the vegetation of saline areas in Argentina and on the responses of non-woody plants are beyond the scope of this review. In Argentina, attention has focused mainly on the salt tolerance of native forest trees, especially in members of the genus Prosopis, on the effects of afforestation on water and soil salinity and on microorganisms interacting with trees and shrubs under saline conditions. Besides these specific topics, there has been some work on salt tolerance of other trees and in Atriplex shrubs.

References

AHMED, CB; BB ROUINA & M BOUKHRIS. 2008. Changes in water relations, photosynthetic activity and proline accumulation in one-year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) in response to NaCl salinity. Acta Physiol. Plant 30:553-560.

AIAZZI, M; P CARPANE; J DI RIENZO & J ARGUELLO. 2002. Effects of salinity and temperature on the germination and early seedling growth of Atriplex cordobensis Gandoger et Stuckert (Chenopodiaceae). Seed Sci. Technol. 30:329-338.

AKHTAR, J; ZA SAQIB; ET AL. 2008. The effect of spacing on the growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on salt-affected soils of the Punjab, Pakistan. Can. J. Forest Res 38:2434-2444.

ALLEN, JA; JL CHAMBERS & M STINE. 1994. Prospects for increasing the salt tolerance of forest trees: A review. Tree Physiol. 14:843-853.

ANGUEIRA, MC. 1986. Geomorfología de la provincia de Santiago del Estero. Curso Taller Internacional “Desmonte y habilitación de tierras en zonas semiáridas”. Santiago del Estero, Red de Cooperación Técnica en uso de Recursos Naturales-FAO 1:32-54.

ARAGUÉS, R; J PUY; A ROYO & JL ESPADA. 2005. Three-year field response of young olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Arbequina) to soil salinity: Trunk growth and leaf ion accumulation. Plant Soil 271:265-273.

BALA, N; PK SHARMA & K LAKSHMINARAYANA. 1990. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation by salinity- tolerant rhizobia in symbiosis with tree legumes. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 33:33-46.

BASAK, MK & SK GOYAL. 1980. Studies on tree legumes. Characterization of the symbionts and direct and reciprocal cross inoculation studies with tree legumes and cultivated legumes. Plant Soil 56:39-51.

BAZZAZ, FA. 1973. Seed germination in relation to salt concentration in three populations of Prosopis farcata. Oecologia 13:73-80.

BOSABALIDIS, AM & WW THOMSON. 1985. Ultrastructural development and secretion in the salt glands of Tamarix aphylla L. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 92:55-62.

BOLAND, AM; P JERIE & E MAAS. 1997. Long-term effects of salinity on fruit trees. Acta Hort. 449: 599-606.

CARNEVALE, N; C ALZUGARAY & D LÓPEZ. 2004. Efecto de la salinidad sobre el establecimiento de dos especies arbóreas dominantes en un “Quebrachal” de Schinopsis balansae Engl. (Argentina). Revista de Inves. Fac. Cs. Agr. - UNRosario 6:1515-9116.

CARTER, JL; TD COLMER & EJ VENEKLAAS. 2006. Variable tolerance of wetland tree species to combined salinity and waterlogging is related to regulation of ion uptake and production of organic solutes. New Phytol. 169:123-134.

CASTRO, M; R ITURRIETA & C FASSIO. 2009. Rootstock effect on the tolerance of avocado plants cv. Hass to NaCl stress. Chil. J. Agric. Res. 69:316-324.

CATALÁN, L; M BALZARINI; E TALEISNIK; R SERENO & U KARLIN. 1994. Effects of salinity on germination and seedling growth of Prosopis flexuosa (D.C.). For. Ecol. Manage. 63:347-357.

CAUCAS, V & A ABRIL. 1996. Frankia sp. infects Atriplex cordobensis. Cross-inoculation assays and symbiotic efficiency. Phyton 59:103.

CAVAGNARO, JB; M PONCE; J GUZMÁN & M CIRRINCIONE. 2006. Argentinean cultivars of Vitis vinifera grow better than European ones when cultured in vitro under salinity. Biocell 30:1-7.

CERDÁ, A; M NIEVES & MG GUILLEN. 1990. Salt tolerance of lemon trees as affected by rootstock. Irrigation Sci. 11:245-249.

CHA-UM, S & C KIRDMANEE. 2008. Assessment of salt tolerance in Eucalyptus, rain tree and Thai neem under laboratory and the field conditions. Pak. J. Botany 40:2041-2051.

CHEN, DM; S ELLUL; K HERDMAN & JWG CAIRNEY. 2001a. Influence of salinity on biomass production by Australian Pisolithus spp. isolates. Mycorrhiza 11:231-236.

CHEN, S; J LI; S WANG; A HUÌTTERMANN & A ALTMAN. 2001b. Salt, nutrient uptake and transport, and ABA of Populus euphratica; a hybrid in response to increasing soil NaCl. Trees - Struct. Func. 15:186-194.

CIMATO, A; S CASTELLI; M TATTINI & ML TRAVERSI. 2010. An ecophysiological analysis of salinity tolerance in olive. Environ. Exp. Bot. 68:214-221.

CISNEROS, JM; A DEGIOANNI; JJ CANTERO & A CANTERO. 2008. Caracterización y manejo de suelos salinos en el área pampeana. Pp. 17-46 en: Taleisnik, E; K Grunberg & G. Santa María (eds.). La salinización de suelos en la Argentina: su impacto en la producción agropecuaria. EDUCC (Editorial Universidad Católica de Córdoba), Córdoba. ISBN 978-987-626-013-8.

CONY, MA & SO TRIONE. 1998. Inter- and intraspecific variability in Prosopis flexuosa and P. chilensis: seed germination under salt and moisture stress. J. Arid. Environ. 40:307-317.

CÓRDOBA, A & A VERGA. 2008. Método de análisis fenológico de un rodal: Su aplicación en un enjambre híbrido de Prosopis spp. Ciencia Inves. For. - Inst. For.l / Chile 14:92-109.

DIOUF, D; R DUPONNOIS; AT BA; M NEYRA & D LESUEUR. 2005. Symbiosis of Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium with mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium spp. improves salt tolerance in greenhouse conditions. Func. Plant Biol. 32:1143-1152.

EHLTING, B; P DLUZNIEWSKA; ET AL. 2007. Interaction of nitrogen nutrition and salinity in Grey poplar (Populus tremula x alba). Plant Cell Environ. 30: 796-811.

FAIRBAIRN, DJ; W LIU; ET AL. 2000. Characterisation of two distinct HKT1-like potassium transporters from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Plant Mol. Bio. 43:515-525.

FALKINER, RA; EKS NAMBIAR; PJ POLGLASE; S THEIVEYANATHAN & LG STEWART. 2006. Root distribution of Eucalyptus grandis and Corymbia maculata in degraded saline soils of south-eastern Australia. Agroforest. Syst. 67:279-291.

FARRELL, RCC; DT BELL; K AKILAN & JK MARSHALL. 1996. Morphological and physiological comparisons of clonal lines of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. II. Responses to waterlogging/salinity and alkalinity. Aust. J. Plant. Physiol. 23:509-518.

FELDMAN, SR; V BISARO; NB BIANI & DE PRADO. 2008. Soil salinity determines the relative abundance of C3/C4 species in Argentinean grasslands. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 17:708-714.

FELKER, P; M EWENS & H OCHOA. 2000. Environmental influences on grafting success of Prosopis ruscifolia (vinal) onto Prosopis alba (algarrobo blanco). J. Arid. Environ. 6:433-439.

FELKER, P; M EWENS; M VELARDE & D MEDINA. 2008. Initial evaluation of Prosopis alba Griseb clones selected for growth at seawater salinities. Arid Land Res. Manag. 22:334-345.

FERGUSON, L; JA POSS; ET AL. 2002. Pistachio rootstocks influence scion growth and ion relations under salinity and boron stress. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 127:194-199.

FERNÁNDEZ-BALLESTER, G; F GARCÍA-SÁNCHEZ; A CERDÁ & V MARTÍNEZ. 2003. Tolerance of citrus rootstock seedlings to saline stress based on their ability to regulate ion uptake and transport. Tree Physiol. 23:265-271.

FLOWERS, TJ; PF TROKE & AR YEO. 1977. The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28:89-125.

FLOWERS, TJ & AR YEO. 1995. Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants: where next? Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22:875-884.

GARCÍA-SÁNCHEZ, F; JP SYVERTSEN; V MARTÍNEZ & JC MELGAR. 2006. Salinity tolerance of ‘Valencia’ orange trees on rootstocks with contrasting salt tolerance is not improved by moderate shade. J. Exp. Bot. 57:3697-3706.

GIMENO, V; JP SYVERTSEN; ET AL. 2009. Additional nitrogen fertilization affects salt tolerance of lemon trees on different rootstocks. Sci. Hort. 121:298-305.

GLENN, EP; JJ BROWN & E BLUMWALD. 1999. Salt tolerance and crop potential of halophytes. Crit. Rev. Plant. Sci. 18:227-255.

GORGAS, J & M BUSTOS. 2008. Dinámica y evaluación de los suelos de Córdoba con probleas de drenaje, salinidad y alcalinidad. Pp. 47-62 en: Taleisnik, E; K Grunberg & G. Santa María (eds.). La salinización de suelos en la Argentina: su impacto en la producción agropecuaria. EDUCC (Editorial Universidad Católica de Córdoba), Córdoba. ISBN 978-987-626-013-8.

GU, R; Q LIU; D PEI & X JIANG. 2004. Understanding saline and osmotic tolerance of Populus euphratica suspended cells. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. 78:261-265.

HASEGAWA, PM; RA BRESSAN; JK ZHU & HJ BOHNERT. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annu. Rev. Plant Phys. 51:463-499.

HU, L; H LU; Q LIU; X CHEN & X JIANG. 2005. Overexpression of mtlD gene in transgenic Populus tomentosa improves salt tolerance through accumulation of mannitol. Tree Physiol. 25:1273-1281.

IGLESIAS, DJ; Y LEVY; ET AL. 2004. Nitrate improves growth in salt-stressed citrus seedlings through effects on photosynthetic activity and chloride accumulation. Tree Physiol. 24:1027-1034.

IMADA, S; N YAMANAKA & S TAMAI. 2009. Effects of salinity on the growth, Na partitioning, and Na dynamics of a salt-tolerant tree, Populus alba L. J. Arid. Environ. 73:245-251.

JENKINS, MB. 2003. Rhizobial and bradyrhizobial symbionts of mesquite from the Sonoran Desert: Salt tolerance, facultative halophily and nitrate respiration. Soil Bio. Biochem. 35:1675-1682.

JOBBÁGY, EG & RB JACKSON. 2004. Groundwater use and salinization with grassland afforestration. Glob. Change Biol. 10:1299-1312.

KHAMZINA, A; R SOMMER; JPA LAMERS & PLG VLEK. 2009. Transpiration and early growth of tree plantations established on degraded cropland over shallow saline groundwater table in northwest Uzbekistan. Agr. Forest. Meteorol. 149:1865-1874.

KOZLOWSKI, TT. 1997. Responses of woody plants to flooding and salinity. Tree Physiology Monograph 1:1-29.

KRAUSS, KW; JL CHAMBERS & JA ALLEN. 1998. Salinity effects and differential germination of several half-sib families of baldcypress from different seed sources. New Forests 15:53-68.

KUMAR, H; NK ARORA; V KUMAR & DK MAHESHWARI. 1999. Isolation, characterization and selection of salt tolerant rhizobia nodulating Acacia catechu and A. nilotica. Symbiosis 26:279-288.

LANGENFELD-HEYSER, R; J GAO; ET AL. 2007. Paxillus involutus mycorrhiza attenuate NaCl-stress responses in the salt-sensitive hybrid poplar Populus x canescens. Mycorrhiza 17:121-131.

LAVADO, R. 2008. Visión sinteetica de la distribución y magnitud de los suelos afectados por salinidad en la Argentina. Pp. 11-16 en: Taleisnik, E; K Grunberg & G. Santa María (eds.). La salinización de suelos en la Argentina: su impacto en la producción agropecuaria. EDUCC (Editorial Universidad Católica de Córdoba), Córdoba. ISBN 978-987-626-013-8.

LEVY, Y & J SHALHEVET. 1990. Ranking the salt tolerance of citrus rootstocks by juice analysis. Sci. Hort. 45: 89-98.

LI, H; Y WANG; ET AL. 2009. Identification of genes responsive to salt stress on Tamarix hispida roots. Gene 433:65-71.

LÓPEZ, V. 2006. Estudio de diferenciación de tres morfotipos simpátricos, pertenecientes a la sección Algarrobia del género Prosopis, utilizando marcadores RAPD y caracteres morfométricos de hoja. Tesis de Licenciatura. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

LU, S; YH SUN & VL CHIANG. 2008. Stress-responsive microRNAs in Populus. Plant J. 55:131-151.

MAAS, EV & GJ HOFFMAN. 1977. Crop salt tolerance. Current assessment. J. Irr. Drain. Div-ASCE. 102:115-134.

MADSEN, PA & DR MULLIGAN. 2006. Effect of NaCl on emergence and growth of a range of provenances of Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus populnea, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia salicina. For. Ecol. Manage. 228:152-159.

MAHMOOD, K; J MORRIS; J COLLOPY & P SLAVICH. 2001. Groundwater uptake and sustainability of farm plantations on saline sites in Punjab province, Pakistan. Agr. Water. Manage. 48:1-20.

MANCUSO, S & E RINALDELLI. 1996. Response of young mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) to saline conditions. II. Dynamics of electrical impedance parameters of shoots and leaves. Ad. Hort. Sci. 10:135-145.

MELONI, D; M GULOTTA; C MARTÍNEZ & M OLIVA. 2004. The effects of salt stress on growth, nitrate reduction and proline and glycinebetaine accumulation in Prospis alba. Braz. J. Plant Physiol. 16:32-40.

MELONI, D; M GULOTTA & C MARTÍNEZ. 2008a. Salinity tolerance in Schinopsis quebracho colorado: Seed germination, growth, ion relations and metabolic responses. J. Arid Environm. 72:1785-1792.

MELONI, D; M GULOTTA & M OLIVA CANO. 2008b. El estrés salino incrementa la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes y la concentración de polifenoles en Vinal (Prosopis ruscifolia G.). Quebracho. 15:27-31.

MERCHANT, A & M ADAMS. 2005. Stable osmotica in Eucalyptus spathulata - Responses to salt and water deficit stress. Func. Plant Biol. 32:797-805.

MICKELBART, MV & ML ARPAIA. 2002. Rootstock influences changes in ion concentrations, growth, and photosynthesis of ‘Hass’ avocado trees in response to salinity. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 127:649-655.

MISRA, CM & SL SINGH. 1981. Seed germination studies on three predominant tree species of southern Uttar Pradesh. Ann. of Arid Zone 20:193-198.

MITTLER, R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 9:405-10.

MORRIS, JD & JJ COLLOPY. 1999. Water use and salt accumulation by Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Casuarina cunninghamiana on a site with shallow saline groundwater. Agricul. Water Manage. 39:205-227.

MOTTURA, MC; R FINKELDEY; AR VERGA & O GAILING. 2005. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis flexuosa and cross-species amplification. Mol. Ecol. Notes. 5:487-489.

MUNNS, R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytol 167:645-63.

MUNNS, R & M TESTER. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59:651-81.

NANJO, T; N FUTAMURA; ET AL. 2004. Characterization of full-length enriched expressed sequence tags of stress-treated poplar leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 45:1738-1748.

NIKNAM, SR & J MCCOMB. 2000. Salt tolerance screening of selected Australian woody species - A review. For. Ecol. Manage. 139:1-19.

NOSETTO, MD; EG JOBBÁGY; T TÓTH & RB JACKSON. 2008. Regional patterns and controls of ecosystem salinization with grassland afforestation along a rainfall gradient. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB2015, doi:10.1029/2007GB003000.

OSMOND, CB; O BJORKMAN & DJ ANDERSON. 1980. Physiological processes in plant ecology, toward a synthesis with Atriplex. Ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, EE.UU. Pp. 222.

PATIL, BN; SG PATIL; ET AL. 2005. Bioameliorative role of tree species in salt-affected vertisols of India. J. Trop. For. Sci. 17:346.

PORRAS-SORIANO, A; ML SORIANO-MARTÍN; A PORRAS-PIEDRA & R AZCÓN. 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased growth, nutrient uptake and tolerance to salinity in olive trees under nursery conditions. J. Plant Physiol. 166: 1350-1359.

QADIR, M; A TUBEILEH; ET AL. 2008. Productivity enhancement of salt-affected environments through crop diversification. Land Degrad. Deve. 19:429-453.

RAINS, DW. 1991. Salinity and alkalinity as an issue in world agriculture. Pp. 19-31 en: Choukr-Allah, R (ed.). Plant salinity research. New challenges. Institut Agronomique et veterinaire Hassan II: Agadir.

REINOSO, H; L SOSA; L RAMÍREZ & V LUNA. 2004. Salt- induced changes in the vegetative anatomy of Prosopis strombulifera (Leguminosae). Can. J. Bot. 82:618-628.

RIDLEY, AM & DJ PANNELL. 2005. The role of plants and plant-based research and development in managing dryland salinity in Australia. Aust. J. Exp. Agric.45:1341-1355.

RHODES, D & P FELKER. 1988. Mass screening of Prosopis (mesquite) seedlings for growth at seawater salinity concentrations. For. Ecol. Manage. 24:169-176.

RICHARDS, LA (ed). 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. EE.UU.

RINALDELLI, E & S MANCUSO. 1996. Response of young mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) to saline conditions. I. Short-term electrophysiological and long-term vegetative salt effects. Adv. Hort. Sci. 10:126-134.

SCAMBATO, A; P SANSBERRO; M ECHEVERRÍA; O RUIZ & A MENÉNDEZ. 2008. Estudio de la influencia de Glomus intraradices sobre el estatus hídrico de Prosopis hassleri y Prosopis alba sometidas a estrés salino. XII Reunión Latinoamericana y XXVII Reunión Argentina de Fisiología Vegetal. Rosario - Argentina.

SGROY, V; F CASSÁN; O MASCIARELLI; MF DEL PAPA; A LAGARES; ET AL. 2009. Isolation and characterization of endophytic plant growth-promoting (PGPB) or stress homeostasis-regulating (PSHB) bacteria associated to the halophyte Prosopis strombulifera. Appl. Microbiol. Biot. 85:371-381.

SILVA, P; AR FRACAHA; RM TAVARES & H GEROS. 2009. Role of tonoplast proton pumps and Na+/ H+ antiport system in salt tolerance of Populus euphratica Oliv. J. Plant Growth Regul. DOI 10.1007/s00344-009-9110-y.

SINGH, K. 2000. Seedling growth and mineral composition of Eucalyptus hybrid in light and heavy saline and sodic soils. Indian For. 126:376-381.

SOMASHEKHAR, R. 1998. Effect of salinity on Prosopis juliflora during early growth phase. Indian For. 124:240-247.

SOSA, L; A LLANES; H REINOSO; M REGINATO & V LUNA. 2005. Osmotic and specific ion effects on the germination of Prosopis strombulifera. Ann. Bot. 96:261-267.

STEPPUHN, H; J KORT & KG WALL. 2008. First year growth response of selected hybrid poplar cuttings to root-zone salinity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88:473-483.

STOREY, R & RR WALKER. 1998. Citrus and salinity. Sci. Hort. 78:39-81.

SYVERTSEN, J & Y LEVY. 2005. Salinity interactions with other abiotic and biotic stresses in citrus. Hort. Tech. 15:100-103.

TALEISNIK, E; K GRUNBERG & G SANTA MARÍA (EDS.). 2008. La salinización de suelos en la Argentina: su impacto en la producción agropecuaria. EDUCC (Editorial Universidad Católica de Córdoba), Córdoba.

THORBURN, PJ (ED.). 1999. Interactions between plants and shallow, saline water tables: Implications for the management of salinity in Australian agriculture. Agr. Water Manag. Special Issue.

TOMAR, OS; PS MINHAS; VK SHARMA; YP SINGH & RK GUPTA. 2003. Performance of 31 tree species and soil conditions in a plantation established with saline irrigation. For. Ecol. Manage. 177:333-346.

UNGAR, IA. 1978. Halophyte seed germination. The Botanical Review 44:233-264.

VALLONE, R. 2008. Situacion de salinidad en Mendoza. Pp. 63-77 en: Taleisnik, E; K Grunberg & G. Santa María (eds.). La salinización de suelos en la Argentina: su impacto en la producción agropecuaria. EDUCC (Editorial Universidad Católica de Córdoba), Córdoba. ISBN 978-987-626-013-8.

VAN DER MOEZEL, PG; CS WALTON; GVN PEARCE- PINTO & DT BELL. 1989. Screening for salinity and waterlogging tolerance in five Casuarina species. Landscape Urban Plan. 17:331.

VELARDE, M; P FELKER & C DEGANO. 2003. Evaluation of Argentine and Peruvian Prosopis germplasm for growth at seawater salinities. J. Arid Environ. 55:515-531.

VERGA, A. 1995. Genetic study of Prosopis chilensis y Prosopis flexuosa (Mimosaceae) in the dry Chaco of Argentina. Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August University of Göttingen. Germany.

VERGA, A & H-R GREGORIUS. 2007. Comparing morphological with genetic distances between populations: A new method and its application to the Prosopis chilensis - P. flexuosa complex. Silvae Genet 56:45-51.

VILLAGRA, PE. 1997. Germination of Prosopis argentina and P. alpataco seeds under saline conditions. J. Arid Environ. 37:261-267.

VILLAGRA, PE & JB CAVAGNARO. 2005. Effects of salinity on the establishment and early growth of Prosopis argentina and Prosopis alpataco seedlings in two contrasting soils: Implications for their ecological success. Austral Eco. 30:325-335.

VILLAGRA, PE; A VILELA; C GIORDANO; JA ÁLVAREZ. 2010. Ecophysiology of Prosopis species from the arid lands of Argentina: what do we know about adaptation to stressful environments? Pp. 321-340 en: Ramawat, KG (ed.). Desert Plants. Springer. Berlin. Germany.

WANG, R; S CHEN; ET AL. 2007. Leaf photosynthesis, fluorescence response to salinity and the relevance to chloroplast salt compartmentation and anti- oxidative stress in two poplars. Trees -Struct. Funct. 21:581-591.

WANG, R; S CHEN; ET AL. 2008. Ionic homeostasis and reactive oxygen species control in leaves and xylem sap of two poplars subjected to NaCl stress. Tree Physiol. 28:947-957.

WYN JONES, G & J GORHAM. 1982. Osmoregulation. Pp 35-61 en: Lange, OL; PS Nobel; CB Osmond & H Ziegler (eds.). Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology New Series V 12. Berlin, Springer Verlag. Germany.

YANG, F; X XIAO; S ZHANG; H KORPELAINEN & C LI. 2009. Salt stress responses in Populus cathayana Rehder. Plant Sci. 176:669-677.

YI, H; M CALVO POLANCO; MD MACKINNON & JJ ZWIAZEK. 2008. Responses of ectomycorrhizal Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera seedlings to salinity. Environ. Exp. Bot. 62:357-363.

ZHANG, J; H NGUYEN & A BLUM. 1999. Genetic analysis of osmotic adjustment in crop plants. J. Exp. Bot 50:291-302.

Published

2011-04-01

How to Cite

Taleisnik, E., & López Lauestein, D. (2011). Woody perennials for environments affected by salinity. A synopsis of the argentine contribution on this topic. Ecología Austral, 21(1), 003–014. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1292