Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods
Keywords:
agroecosystem, soil arthropods, no tillage, conventional tillage, pitfall trapsAbstract
Crop production by conservation tillage was readily adopted by farmers during the 1990’s in Argentina. The type and degree of tillage cause modifications in the soil environment that affect the behavior, development and survival of soil-dwelling arthropods. The effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) on density and activity of soil-inhabiting arthropods was evaluated on different dates, on two soybean crops (vegetative and reproductive stages), one maize crop (reproductive stage) and one soybean fallow. Two sampling methods, pitfall traps, with a preservative solution, for soil surface epigeous arthropods and quadrat samples for hypogeous arthropods, were used. In general, the density of phytophagous-detritivorous and predaceous arthropods, spiders and phitophagous-detritivorous larvae (Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) was significantly higher in NT crops. The type of tillage did not affect the activity of most epigeous arthropods; but predator activity was generally higher in CT crops and spider frequency was superior in NT. Carabid density was not affected by the type of tillage, whereas their activity and particularly that of Calosoma spp. was greater under CT. Carabids species responded differently to both tillage systems. Pterostichini tribe (Carabidae) predominated in density in SD treatments, while its activity was low under both tillage systems. Argutoridius bonariensis Dejean (Carabidae: Ptrostichini) was only observed on NT soybean crops by quadrat samples. Selenophorus alternans Dejean (Carabidae: Harpalini) was more abundant under CT with both sampling methods. The different results obtained with different sampling methods, show the importance of using absolute and relative methods for assessing the effect of soil management in agroecosystems on arthropods populations. Relative abundance of carabids species in pitfall traps with respect to soil samples was explained by their sizes and circadian rhythms. The evaluation of all arthropods species of an ensemble and their classification in trophic groups provide unbiased, broad and functional information about the long time effects of soil management in agroecosystems.
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EKBOIR, J. 2001. Sistemas de innovación y política tecnológica: siembra directa en el MERCOSUR. Pp. 1-18 en: R Díaz Rosello (coordinador). Siembra directa en el cono sur. PROCISUR. Montevideo, Uruguay. 450 pp.
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HOUSE, GJ & JN ALL. 1981. Carabid beetles in soybean agroecosystems. Environ. Entomol. 10(2):194-196.
HOUSE, GJ. & BR STINNER. 1983. Arthropods in no-tillage soybean agroecosystems: Community composition and ecosystem interactions. J. Environ. Manage. 7(1):23-28.
HOUSE, GJ & RW PARMALEE. 1985. Comparison of soil arthropods and earthworms from conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems. Soil Tillage Res. 5:351-360.
HOUSE, GJ. 1989. Soil arthropods from weed and crop roots of an agroecosystem in a wheat-soybean-corn rotation: Impact of tillage and herbicides. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 25:233-244.
HOUSE, GJ & M DEL R ALZUGARAY. 1989. Influence of cover cropping and no-tillage practices on community composition of soil arthropods in a North Carolina agroecosystem. Environ. Entomol. 18(2):302-307.
LENSKY, RE. 1982. Effect of forest cutting on two Carabus species: evidence for competition for food. Ecology 63(5):1211-1217.
LIETTI, MM; AM MOLINARI & JC GAMUNDI. 1993. Evaluación de las poblaciones de los predadores que habitan en el suelo en cultivos de soja con distintos sistemas de labranza y siembra. En: Annais do 14° Congreso Brasileiro de Entomologia. Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. Piracicaba, Brasil.
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LÓPEZ, A & U GERARDO. 1997. Insectos de suelo asociados al sistema de siembra directa en cultivos agrícolas en Río Cuarto-Córdoba. Pp. II84-II87 en: VI Congreso Nacional de Maíz. Compendio de Trabajos Presentados. Tomo II. AIAMBA. Pergamino, Buenos Aires.
LOVEI, GL & KD SUNDERLAND. 1996. Ecology and behavior of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Ann. Rev. Entomol. 41: 231-256.
MACK TP & CB BACKMAN. 1990. Effects of two planting dates and three tillage systems on the abundance of lesser cornstalk borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), other selected insects, and yield in peanut fields. J. Econ. Entomol. 83(3):1034-1041.
MARASAS, ME; SJ SARANDÓN & AC CICCHINO. 1997. Efecto de la labranza sobre la coleopterofauna edáfica en un cultivo de trigo en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Ciencia del Suelo 15(2):59-63.
MARASAS, ME; SJ SARANDÓN & AC CICCHINO. 2001. Changes in soil arthropod functional group in a wheat crop under conventional and no tillage systems in Argentina. Applied Soil Ecology 18:61-68
MARGHERITIS, AE & HF RIZZO. 1965. Lepidópteros de interés agrícola. Editorial Sudamericana. Buenos Aires, Argentina. 193 pp.
MARTINO, DL & HJ MARELLI. 2001. Manejo de restricciones físicas del suelo en sistemas de siembra directa. El agua y la siembra directa. Pp. 225-273 en: R Díaz Rosello (coordinador). Siembra directa en el cono sur. PROCISUR. Montevideo, Uruguay. 450 pp.
MITCHELL, B. 1963. Ecology of two carabid beetles, Bembidion lampros (Herbst) and Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank). II Studies on populations of adults in the field, with special reference to the technique of pitfall trapping. J. Anim. Ecol. 32:377-392.
MOLINARI, AM; MM LIETTI; JC GAMUNDI & A SKERK. 1995. Incidencia de distintos sistemas de labranza y siembra del cultivo de soja sobre la actividad de predadores que habitan en el suelo. Pp. 145 en: Resúmenes III Congreso Argentino de Entomología. Sociedad Entomológica Argentina. Mendoza, Argentina.
MONTERO, GA & MM LIETTI. 1998. Hibernación de Calosoma argentinense (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Rev. Soc. Entomol. Arg. 57(1-4):23-26.
MONTERO, GA; MM LIETTI & MF TASSANO. 1998. Dispersión de Calosoma argentinense (Csiki) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) en un cultivo de soja. Estudio de marcado, liberación y captura. Pp. 152 en: Libro de Resúmenes IV Congreso Argentino de Entomología. Sociedad Entomológica Argentina. Mar del Plata, Argentina.
NEAVE, P & CA FOX. 1998. Response of soil invertebrates to reduced tillage systems established on a clay loam soil. Applied Soil Ecology 9:423-428.
NISENSOHN, L; D FACCINI; G MONTERO & M LIETTI. 1999. Predación de semillas de Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K. en un cultivo de soja. Influencia del sistema de siembra. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 34(3):377-384.
PEGORARO, RA & LA FOERSTER. 1985.Observaçoes sobre o ciclo evolutivo e hábitos alimentares de Calosoma granulatum Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) en laboratório. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil. 14(2):269-275.
PHILLIPS, RE; RL BLEVINS; GW THOMAS; WW FRYE & H PHILLIPS. 1980. No-tillage agriculture. Science 208(6):1108-1113.
PILATTI, MA; JA DE ORELLANA; LJ PRIANO; OM FELLI & DA GRENON. 1988. Incidencia de manejos tradicionales y conservacionistas sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de un argiudol en el sur de Santa Fe. Ciencia del Suelo 6(1):19-29.
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2008-04-01
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Lietti, M., Gamundi, J. C., Montero, G., Molinari, A., & Bulacio, V. (2008). Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods. Ecología Austral, 18(1), 071–087. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1398
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