Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods

Authors

  • Marcela Lietti Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, U.N.R. Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.
  • Juan C. Gamundi Grupo de Trabajo en Protección Vegetal. E.E.A. Oliveros, I.N.T.A. Oliveros, Santa Fe, Argentina.
  • Guillermo Montero Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, U.N.R. Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.
  • Alicia Molinari Grupo de Trabajo en Protección Vegetal. E.E.A. Oliveros, I.N.T.A. Oliveros, Santa Fe, Argentina.
  • Valeria Bulacio Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, U.N.R. Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.

Keywords:

agroecosystem, soil arthropods, no tillage, conventional tillage, pitfall traps

Abstract

Crop production by conservation tillage was readily adopted by farmers during the 1990’s in Argentina. The type and degree of tillage cause modifications in the soil environment that affect the behavior, development and survival of soil-dwelling arthropods. The effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) on density and activity of soil-inhabiting arthropods was evaluated on different dates, on two soybean crops (vegetative and reproductive stages), one maize crop (reproductive stage) and one soybean fallow. Two sampling methods, pitfall traps, with a preservative solution, for soil surface epigeous arthropods and quadrat samples for hypogeous arthropods, were used. In general, the density of phytophagous-detritivorous and predaceous arthropods, spiders and phitophagous-detritivorous larvae (Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) was significantly higher in NT crops. The type of tillage did not affect the activity of most epigeous arthropods; but predator activity was generally higher in CT crops and spider frequency was superior in NT. Carabid density was not affected by the type of tillage, whereas their activity and particularly that of Calosoma spp. was greater under CT. Carabids species responded differently to both tillage systems. Pterostichini tribe (Carabidae) predominated in density in SD treatments, while its activity was low under both tillage systems. Argutoridius bonariensis Dejean (Carabidae: Ptrostichini) was only observed on NT soybean crops by quadrat samples. Selenophorus alternans Dejean (Carabidae: Harpalini) was more abundant under CT with both sampling methods. The different results obtained with different sampling methods, show the importance of using absolute and relative methods for assessing the effect of soil management in agroecosystems on arthropods populations. Relative abundance of carabids species in pitfall traps with respect to soil samples was explained by their sizes and circadian rhythms. The evaluation of all arthropods species of an ensemble and their classification in trophic groups provide unbiased, broad and functional information about the long time effects of soil management in agroecosystems.

References

ARAGÓN, J; A MOLINARI & S LORENZATTI DE DIEZ. 1997. Manejo Integrado de Plagas. Cap. 12. Pp. 248-288, en: LM Giorda & HE Baigorri (eds.). El cultivo de la soja en Argentina. Editar. San Juan, Argentina. 448 pp.

BARNEY, RJ & BC PASS. 1986. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) population in Kentucky alfalfa and influence of tillage. J. Econ. Entomol. 79(2):511-517.

BEVIACQUA, JE; GJ MARCH; JA ORNAGHI; EM ASTORGA & MA PRINCIPI. 1984. Efectos de diferentes sistemas de labranza sobre las poblaciones de insectos en el cultivo de maíz (Zea maiz L.). Gaceta Agronómica 19:285-294.

BLUMBERG, AY & DA CROSSLEY JR. 1983. Comparison of soil surface arthropods populations in conventional tillage, no tillage and old fields systems. Agro-Ecosystems 8:247-253.

BORROR, DJ; CA TRIPLEHORN & NF JOHNSON. 1992. An introduction to the study of insects. 6ta Ed. Sunders College Publishing. Harcourt Brace Publishers. Orlando, USA. 875 pp.

BRUSSAARD, L.; PC DE ROUITER & GG BROWN. 2007. Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 121:233-244.

BRUST, GE; BR STINNER & DA MCCARTNEY. 1985. Tillage and soil insecticide effects on predator- black cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) interactions in corn agroecosystems. J. Econ. Entomol 78(6):1389-1392.

BRUST, GE & GJ HOUSE. 1988. Weed seed destruction by arthropods and rodents in low-input soybean agroecosystems. Am. J. Altern. Agric. 3(1):19-25.

CARCAMO, HA; JK NIEMELA & JR SPENCE. 1995. Farming and ground beetles: effects of agronomic practice on population and community structure. Can. Entomol. 127:123-140.

CARMONA, D; AM VINCINI; PL MANETTI; AN LÓPEZ & HA CASTILLO. 2002. Densidad activa estacional de insectos plaga y predadores edáficos en agroecosistemas con siembra directa y agricultura convencional. Pp. 245 en: Resúmenes V Congreso Argentino de Entomomología. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

CARMONA, D; PL MANETTI; AM VINCINI; AN LÓPEZ; HA CASTILLO & M SORENSEN. 2004. Pp. 98 en: Resúmenes Segunda Reunión Binacional de Ecología. San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.

CICCHINO, AC. 2003. La carabidofauna edáfica de los espacios verdes del ejido urbano y suburbano marplatense. Su importancia como herramienta de manejo de estos espacios. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología 8(Agosto):145-164.

CICCHINO, AC; ME MARASAS & MF PALEOLOGOS. 2003. Características e importancia de la carabidofauna edáfica de un cultivo experimental de trigo y sus bordes con vegetación espontánea e el partido de La Plata, Pcia. de Buenos Aires. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología 8(Agosto):41-45.

CLARK, MS; SH GAGE & JR SPENCE. 1997. Habitat and management associated with common ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a Michigan Agricultural Landscape. Environ. Entomol. 26(3):519-527.

CURRY, JP & JA GOOD. 1992. Soil fauna degradation and restoration. Pp. 171-215 in: R Lal & BA Stewart (eds.). Advances in soil science. Vol 17. Springer- Verlag. New York, USA.

EDWARDS, CA. 1975. Effects of direct drilling on the soil fauna. Outlook Agric. 8:243-244.

EKBOIR, J. 2001. Sistemas de innovación y política tecnológica: siembra directa en el MERCOSUR. Pp. 1-18 en: R Díaz Rosello (coordinador). Siembra directa en el cono sur. PROCISUR. Montevideo, Uruguay. 450 pp.

FEHR, WR & CE CAVINNES. 1977. Stages of soybean development. Iowa State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. Spec. Rep. 80. 12 pp.

GASSEN, DN. 2001a. As pragas sob plantio direto. Pp. 103-120 en: R Díaz Rosello (coordinador). Siembra directa en el cono sur. PROCISUR. Montevideo, Uruguay. 450 pp.

GASSEN, DN. 2001b. Benefícios de escarabeídos em lavouras sob plantio direto. Pp. 159-168 en: R Díaz Rosello (coordinador). Siembra directa en el cono sur. PROCISUR. Montevideo, Uruguay. 450 pp.

GASSEN, DN. 2001c. Manejo de Diloboderus abderus en lavouras e pastagens. Pp. 173-182 en: R Díaz Rosello (coordinador). Siembra directa en el cono sur. PROCISUR. Montevideo, Uruguay. 450 pp.

GREENSLADE, PG. 1964. Pitfall trapping as a method for studying populations of Carabidae (Coleoptera). J. Anim. Ecol. 33:301-310.

HAMMOND, RB & JE FUNDERBURK. 1985. Influence of tillage practices on soil-insects population dynamics in soybean. Pp. 659-666 in: R Shibles (ed.). Proccedings of the III World Soybean Conference. Westview Press. Boulder, CO, USA.

HANCE, T, C GREGOIRE-WIBO & P LEBRUN. 1990. Agriculture and ground beetle populations: The consequence of crop types and surrounding habitats on activity and species composition. Pedobiologia 34(5):337-346.

HOUSE, GJ & JN ALL. 1981. Carabid beetles in soybean agroecosystems. Environ. Entomol. 10(2):194-196.

HOUSE, GJ. & BR STINNER. 1983. Arthropods in no-tillage soybean agroecosystems: Community composition and ecosystem interactions. J. Environ. Manage. 7(1):23-28.

HOUSE, GJ & RW PARMALEE. 1985. Comparison of soil arthropods and earthworms from conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems. Soil Tillage Res. 5:351-360.

HOUSE, GJ. 1989. Soil arthropods from weed and crop roots of an agroecosystem in a wheat-soybean-corn rotation: Impact of tillage and herbicides. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 25:233-244.

HOUSE, GJ & M DEL R ALZUGARAY. 1989. Influence of cover cropping and no-tillage practices on community composition of soil arthropods in a North Carolina agroecosystem. Environ. Entomol. 18(2):302-307.

LENSKY, RE. 1982. Effect of forest cutting on two Carabus species: evidence for competition for food. Ecology 63(5):1211-1217.

LIETTI, MM; AM MOLINARI & JC GAMUNDI. 1993. Evaluación de las poblaciones de los predadores que habitan en el suelo en cultivos de soja con distintos sistemas de labranza y siembra. En: Annais do 14° Congreso Brasileiro de Entomologia. Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. Piracicaba, Brasil.

LÓPEZ, A; C CASTILLO & L CHOLAKY. 1997. Insectos de suelo, su relación con distintos sistemas de labranza en Río Cuarto-Córdoba. Pp. II75-II77 en: VI Congreso Nacional de Maíz. Compendio de Trabajos Presentados. Tomo II. AIAMBA. Pergamino, Buenos Aires.

LÓPEZ, A & U GERARDO. 1997. Insectos de suelo asociados al sistema de siembra directa en cultivos agrícolas en Río Cuarto-Córdoba. Pp. II84-II87 en: VI Congreso Nacional de Maíz. Compendio de Trabajos Presentados. Tomo II. AIAMBA. Pergamino, Buenos Aires.

LOVEI, GL & KD SUNDERLAND. 1996. Ecology and behavior of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Ann. Rev. Entomol. 41: 231-256.

MACK TP & CB BACKMAN. 1990. Effects of two planting dates and three tillage systems on the abundance of lesser cornstalk borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), other selected insects, and yield in peanut fields. J. Econ. Entomol. 83(3):1034-1041.

MARASAS, ME; SJ SARANDÓN & AC CICCHINO. 1997. Efecto de la labranza sobre la coleopterofauna edáfica en un cultivo de trigo en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Ciencia del Suelo 15(2):59-63.

MARASAS, ME; SJ SARANDÓN & AC CICCHINO. 2001. Changes in soil arthropod functional group in a wheat crop under conventional and no tillage systems in Argentina. Applied Soil Ecology 18:61-68

MARGHERITIS, AE & HF RIZZO. 1965. Lepidópteros de interés agrícola. Editorial Sudamericana. Buenos Aires, Argentina. 193 pp.

MARTINO, DL & HJ MARELLI. 2001. Manejo de restricciones físicas del suelo en sistemas de siembra directa. El agua y la siembra directa. Pp. 225-273 en: R Díaz Rosello (coordinador). Siembra directa en el cono sur. PROCISUR. Montevideo, Uruguay. 450 pp.

MITCHELL, B. 1963. Ecology of two carabid beetles, Bembidion lampros (Herbst) and Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank). II Studies on populations of adults in the field, with special reference to the technique of pitfall trapping. J. Anim. Ecol. 32:377-392.

MOLINARI, AM; MM LIETTI; JC GAMUNDI & A SKERK. 1995. Incidencia de distintos sistemas de labranza y siembra del cultivo de soja sobre la actividad de predadores que habitan en el suelo. Pp. 145 en: Resúmenes III Congreso Argentino de Entomología. Sociedad Entomológica Argentina. Mendoza, Argentina.

MONTERO, GA & MM LIETTI. 1998. Hibernación de Calosoma argentinense (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Rev. Soc. Entomol. Arg. 57(1-4):23-26.

MONTERO, GA; MM LIETTI & MF TASSANO. 1998. Dispersión de Calosoma argentinense (Csiki) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) en un cultivo de soja. Estudio de marcado, liberación y captura. Pp. 152 en: Libro de Resúmenes IV Congreso Argentino de Entomología. Sociedad Entomológica Argentina. Mar del Plata, Argentina.

NEAVE, P & CA FOX. 1998. Response of soil invertebrates to reduced tillage systems established on a clay loam soil. Applied Soil Ecology 9:423-428.

NISENSOHN, L; D FACCINI; G MONTERO & M LIETTI. 1999. Predación de semillas de Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K. en un cultivo de soja. Influencia del sistema de siembra. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 34(3):377-384.

PEGORARO, RA & LA FOERSTER. 1985.Observaçoes sobre o ciclo evolutivo e hábitos alimentares de Calosoma granulatum Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) en laboratório. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil. 14(2):269-275.

PHILLIPS, RE; RL BLEVINS; GW THOMAS; WW FRYE & H PHILLIPS. 1980. No-tillage agriculture. Science 208(6):1108-1113.

PILATTI, MA; JA DE ORELLANA; LJ PRIANO; OM FELLI & DA GRENON. 1988. Incidencia de manejos tradicionales y conservacionistas sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de un argiudol en el sur de Santa Fe. Ciencia del Suelo 6(1):19-29.

PRICE, JF & M SHEPARD. 1978a. Calosoma sayi and Labiduria riparia predation on noctuid prey in soybeans and locomotor activity. Environ. Entomol. 7(3):653-656.

PRICE, JF & M SHEPARD. 1978b. Calosoma sayi: Seasonal history and response to insecticides in soybean. Environ. Entomol. 7(3):359-363.

REICHARDT, H. 1977. A synopsis of the genera of neotropical carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones Entomologicae 13:346-493.

RITCHIE, SW; JJ HANWAY & GO BENSON. 1989. How a corn plant develops. Special Report Nro. 48. Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Ames, Iowa, 21 pp.

RODRÍGUEZ, E; FJ FERNÁNDEZ-ANERO; P RUIZ & M CAMPOS. 2006. Soil arthropod abundance under conventional and no tillage in a Mediterranean climate. Soil Till. Res. 85:229-233.

SALUSO, ML RÍOS DE & JE FRANA. 1998. Entomofauna en relación a la siembra directa. Pp. 319-328 en: JL Panigatti, H Marelli, D Buschiazzo & R Gil (eds.). Siembra Directa. Editorial Hemisferio Sur S.A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

SALUSO, ML RÍOS DE & A SALUSO. 2000. Macrofauna asociada al cultivo de trigo. Pp. 92-96 en: Trigo Actualización Técnica. Serie Extensión Nro. 18. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná INTA.

SAMU, F; KD SUNDERLAND & S CSABA. 1999. Scale- dependent dispersal and distribution patterns of spiders in agricultural systems: a review. J. Arachnol. 27:325-332.

SAS INSTITUTE. 1982. SAS USER’S GUIDE: Statistics. 1982 Edition. Sas Institute Inc. Cary, North Carolina, USA. 584 pp.

SOUTHWOOD, TRD. 1978. Ecological methods with particular reference to the study of insect populations. Chapman and Hall. 524 pp.

SPENCE, JR & JK NIEMELA. 1994. Sampling carabids assemblages with pitfall traps: The madness and the method. Can. Entomol. 126:881-894.

STINNER, BJ; DA MCCARTNEY & DM VAN DOREN, JR. 1988. Soil and foliage arthropod communities in conventional, reduced and no-tillage corn (Maize, Zea mays L.) systems after 20 years of continuous cropping. Soil Tillage Res. 11:147-158.

STINNER, BR & GJ HOUSE. 1990. Arthropods and other invertebrates in conservation-tillage agriculture. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 35:299-318.

THOMAS, CFG; L PARKINSON & EJP MARSHALL. 1998. Isolating the components of activity-density for the carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius in farmland. Oecologia 116:103-112.

THOMAS, CFG; NJ BROWN & DA KENDALL. 2006. Carabid movement and vegetation density: Implications for interpreting pitfall trap data from split-field trials. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 113:51-61.

TONHASCA JR., A. 1993. Effects of agroecosystem diversification on natural enemies of soybean herbivores. Entomol. Ext. Appl. 69:83-90.

TUESCA, D; E PURICELLI & JC PAPA. 2001. A long-term study of weed flora shifts in different tillage systems. Weed Research 41:369-382.

VES LOSADA, JC & EM BAUDINO. 1998. Influencia de sistemas de labranza sobre la población de tucuras (Orthoptera:Acrididae). Boletín de Divulgación Técnica Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil INTA 59:1-6.

WARDLE, DA.; KS NICHOLSON; KI BONNER & GW YEATES. 1999. Effects of agricultural intensification on soil-associated arthropod population dynamics, community structure, diversity and temporal variability over seven-year period. Soil Biol Biochem. 31:1691-1706.

WEISS, MJ; EU BALSBAUGH JR.; EW FRENCH & BK HOAG. 1990. Influence of tillage management and cropping system on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) fauna in the northern great plains. Environ. Entomol. 19(5):1388-1391.

Published

2008-04-01

How to Cite

Lietti, M., Gamundi, J. C., Montero, G., Molinari, A., & Bulacio, V. (2008). Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods. Ecología Austral, 18(1), 071–087. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1398

Issue

Section

Articles