Composition, distribution and trophic relationships of the fish fauna of the Negro river, Patagonia Argentina

Abstract

The Patagonic ictiogeographic region is characterized by a low species diversity. Despite that the Negro river is the most important water body in the region, both in terms of the size of its drainage basin and of its socioeconomic importance, its fish fauna has scarcely been studied. The present paper addresses biogeographic and ecological characteristics related to its fish. Gill net gangs, electro fishing and beach seine nets were used to sample seasonally five stations along the river. Fish fauna composition and distribution were analyzed throughout different ecological indexes. Diet composition was also analyzed to establish trophic roles, competition and piscivory. We caught seven native and six exotic species; two of them (Corydoras paleatus and Cyprinus carpio) represent a widening of their austral distribution. The natives Odontesthes hatcheri, Percychthis colhuapiensis, P. trucha and Jenynsia multidentata were more important in terms of numbers in catches. Ecological indexes show that the lower part of the Negro river differs from the rest of the river with higher numbers of O. hatchery and J. multidentata. Eight trophic groups were found as well as evidence of diet overlapping and considerable piscivory. Presence and distribution of fish in the Negro river is strongly influenced by introduction by men, either accidentally or intentionally. Impacts by introduced species need to be addressed, specially in terms of emerging processes between native and exotic fish, taking into special consideration the negative impacts that the rainbow trout and the carp have already had in different parts of the world.