Introduction of no native bumblebees (Bombus): causes, ecological consequences and perspectives
Keywords:
biological invasions, commercial rearing of bumblebees, competitive displacement, crop pollination, exotic species, hybridization, pathogensAbstract
The invasion of non native pollinators might have considerable impacts on native pollinators, native and introduced plants. In this article I analyze the causes of introduction of bumblebees (Bombus), the factors favoring the invasion and the distribution of introduced species. I also review the studies about their ecological impact, discussing the limitations of those studies, and the main gaps in knowledge. Five bumblebee species are established outside their native ranges, as a consequence of intentional releases and the trade of colonies. Introduced bumblebees are highly polylecthic and could acquire high abundances in invaded areas, dominating in some cases the anthophyllous communities. In general, they gather resources more efficiently than natives, and despite a substantial overlap in the use of floral resources, in general both groups mutually exclude in time and space, suggesting the potential for competition; nevertheless no study has experimentally tested this hypothesis. The introduction of bumblebees could favor the introduction and transmission of pathogens. Non native bumblebees are less efficient pollinators of some native plants than natives and, in general, they prefer non native plant species, contributing to the pollination of important weeds, although their influence on weed invasion process has not been tested. Under experimental conditions some species of non native bumblebees can mate with native congeners; nevertheless no hybridization has been reported in the wild. The evidence of the impact of non native bumblebees on native ecosystems is scarce, fragmented and preliminary. In spite of them, considering the overall available evidence I strongly recommend the application of the precautionary principle to analyze potential future introductions.
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INGS, TC, NL WARD & L CHITTKA. 2006. Can commercially imported bumble bees out-compete their native conspecifics? Journal of Applied Ecology, 43: 940-948.
KENTA, T; N INARI, T NAGAMITSU; K GOKA & T HIURA. 2007. Commercialized European bumblebee can cause pollination disturbance: An experiment on seven native plant species in Japan. Biological Conservation, 134: 298-309.
KLEIN, AM; BE VAISSIERE; JH CANE; I STEFFAN- DEWENTER; SA CUNNINGHAM; C KREMEN & T TSCHARNTKE. 2007. Importance of pollinators in changing andscapes for world crops. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 274, 303-313.
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KREMEN, C; NM WILLIAMS; RL BUGG; JP FAY & RW THORP. 2004b. The area requirements of an ecosystem service: crop pollination by native bee communities in California. Ecology Letters, 7: 1109-1119.
KRAUSS, G. 1993. Preference of Varroa jacobsoni for honey bees (Apis mellifera) of different ages. Journal of Apicultural Research, 32: 57-64.
MALOOF, JE. 2001: The effects of a bumblebee nectar robber on plant reproductive success and pollinator behavior. Amer. J. Bot., 88: 1960-1965.
MALOOF, JE & DW INOUYE. 2000. Are nectar robber cheaters or mutualists? Ecology, 81: 2561-2661.
MACFARLANE, RP & L GURR. 1995. Distribution of bumblebees in New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist, 18: 29–36.
MADJIDIAN, J. 2005. Impact of a potential replacement of the native bumblebee Bombus dahlbomii by the invasive Bombus ruderatus on the pollination of the native herb Alstroemeria aurea in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Tesis de Maestría, Universidad de Lund, Suecia.
MALOOF, JE & DW INOUYE. 2000. Are nectar robber cheaters or mutualists? Ecology, 81: 2561-2661.
MARTIN, SJ. 2001. The role of Varroa and viral pathogens in the collapse of honey bee colonies: A modeling approach. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38: 1082-1093.
MEMMOTT, J; PG CRAZE; HM HARMAN; P SYRETT & SV FOWLER. 2005. The effect of propagule size on the invasion of an alien insect. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74: 50-62.
MOLLER, H. 1996. Lessons for invasion theory from social insects. Biol. Conserv., 78: 125-142.
MORALES, CL. 2006. Alteración del hábitat e interacciones entre especies nativas y exóticas a través de la polinización en Bosques Templados de Sudamérica Austral. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina.
MORALES, CL & MA AIZEN. 2002. Does the invasion of alien plants promote invasion of alien flower visitors? A case study from the temperate forests of southern Andes. Biological Invasions, 4: 87–100.
MORALES, CL & MA AIZEN. 2006. Invasive mutualisms and the structure of plant–pollinator interactions in the temperate forests of north-west Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Ecology, 94: 171–180.
MORALES, CL & MA AIZEN. 2006. Informe sobre la solicitud de Autorización de Bombus impatiens a Argentina. Presentado a solicitud de SENASA- Argentina. (Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria), 30 pp.
MORANDIN, LA; T M LAVERTY; PGG KEVAN; S KHOSLA & L SHIPP. 2001. Bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) activity and loss in commercial tomato greenhouses. Canadian Entomologist, 133:883-893.
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2007-06-01
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Morales, C. L. (2007). Introduction of no native bumblebees (Bombus): causes, ecological consequences and perspectives. Ecología Austral, 17(1), 051–065. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1422
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