Effect of burn severity on vegetation recovery in the Austral Monte
Keywords:
fire, burn severity, functional groups, monte phytogeographic provinceAbstract
Fire has been a recurrent phenomenon in Northeast region of Patagonia and it takes place, mainly, after humid years that promote the growth of the grasses. The consequent accumulation of fine combustible material favors the propagation of fire. However, little is known about the post-fire evolution of the vegetation in relation to the magnitude of the damage caused by this disturbance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of Burn Severity (IS) over the post-fire evolution of different functional groups of the vegetation (shrubs, perennial grasses and annual grasses) in two growing seasons after fire in an area located in the East of Río Negro province, inside the Monte Phytogeographic Province. The cover of annual grasses in the areas with lower IS overcome the non-burn sites in the first post fire growing season, while in the areas with higher IS this took place during the second season. The perennial grasses cover regenerated in the second year in all IS classes, while shrubs recovered less than half of their original cover. The initial increase in the grasses/shrubs relationship produced after the fire would be more favorable for cattle, however negative impacts on the soil can exist (erosion, loss of fertility) that should be evaluated before generating practices of fire management.
References
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SALA, OE; WK LAUENROTH & RA GOLLUSCIO. 1997. Plant functional types in temperate semi-arid regions. Pp. 217-233 in: TM, Smith; HH Shugart & FI Woodward (eds). Plant functional types. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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TRABAUD, L. 1970. Quelques valeurs et observations sur la phytodynamique des surfaces incendiées dans le Bas-Languedoc (premiers résultats). Naturalia. Monspel., 21:213-242.
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VILLARINO, L. 1781. Diario de la navegación en 1781 desde el Río Negro hasta la Bahía de Todos las santos. Colección Pedro de Angelis. Tomo VIII. B. Plus Ultra, Buenos Aires.
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WHELAN, M & RJ WHELAN. 1995. The Ecology of Fire. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
WEST, N & J HASSAN. 1985. Recovery of sagebrush-grass vegetation following wildfire. J. Range Manage, 38: 131-134.
ZAR, JH. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Segunda edición. Editorial Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, Londres.
ZIMMERMAN, GT & LF NEUENSCHWANDER. 1984. Livestock grazing influences on communitystructure, fire intensity, and fire frequency within Douglas-fir / ninebark habitat type. J. Range Manage, 37: 104-110.
ARCHER, S. 1994. Woody plant encroachment into southwestern grasslands and savannas: Rates, patterns and proximate causes. Pp. 13-68 in: M Varva; WA Laycock & RD Pieper (eds). Ecological Implications of Livestock Herbivory in the West. Society of Range Management, Denver, Colorado.
ARIANOUTSON, M & NS MARGARIS. 1981. Early stages of regeneration after fire in a phryganic ecosystem (east Mediterranean). I Regeneration by seed germination. Boil. Ecol. Médit., 8: 311-550.
BOND, WJ; FI WOODWARD & GF MIDGLEY. 2005. The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire. New Phytologist, 165: 525-538.
BRAN, DE; CR LÓPEZ; JA AYESA & D BARRIOS. 2001. Evaluación de áreas afectadas por incendios de campos en el verano 2000/01 en el noroeste rionegrino (Dptos. Avellaneda, Pichi Mahuida, Conesa, San Antonio y Adolfo Alsina). Informe Técnico INTA-EEA Bariloche. San Carlos de Bariloche.
BRAVO, S; AM GIMÉNEZ; C KUNST & G MOGLIA. 2003. El fuego y las plantas. Pp. 61-70 in: C Kunst; S Bravo & JL Panigatti (eds). Fuego en los ecosistemas argentinos. INTA, Buenos Aires.
BROWN, M & CH SIEG. 1999. Historical variability in fire at the ponderosa pine-Northern Great Plains prairie ecotone, southeastern Black Hills, south Dakota. Ecosience, 6: 539-547.
BUSBY, FE & JC NOBLE. 1986. Fire in arid semi-arid regions. Pp. 573 in: PJ Joss; PW Lynch & OB Williams (eds). Rangelands: A resourse under siege. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
CABRERA, AL. 1971. Fitogeografía de la República Argentina. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica, 14: 1 – 42.
CAVAGNARO, JB & CB PASSERA. 1992. Water utilization by shrubs and grasses in the Monte ecosystem, Argentina. Pp. 255-258 in: A Gaston; M Kernick & HN Le Houerou (eds). Proceedings of the Fourth International Rangeland Congress. CIRAD (SCIST), Montpellier, France.
CINGOLANI, AM; DE BRAN; CR LÓPEZ & JA AYESA. 2000. Comunidades vegetales y ambiente en el ecotono boreal entre los distritos patagónicos Central y Occidental (Río Negro, Argentina). Ecología Austral, 10: 47-61.
D’ANTONIO, CM & PM VITOUSEK. 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 23: 63-87.
DEFOSSE, G; C ROSTAGNO; H DEL VALLE & M DENTONI. 2003. El fuego en la porción austral de la región del Monte. Pp. 167-180 in: C Kunst; S Bravo & JL Panigatti (eds). Fuego en los ecosistemas argentinos. INTA, Buenos Aires.
DODD, MB; WK LAUENROTH; IC BURKE & PL CHAPMAN. 2002. Associations between vegetation patterns and soil texture in the shortgrass steppe. Plant Ecology, 158: 127–137.
DODD, MB & WK LAUENROTH. 1997. The influence of soil texture on the soil water dynamics and vegetation structure of a shortgrass steppe ecosystem. Plant Ecology, 133: 13-28.
EBELOT, A. 1897. Recuerdos y relatos de la guerra de fronteras. Plus Ultra, Buenos Aires.
GHERMANDI, LN; N GUTHMANN & DE BRAN. 2004. Early post-fire succession in northwestern patagonia grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science, 15: 67-76.
GIBBENS, RP; RP MCNEELY; KM HAVSTAD; RF BECK & B NOLEN. 2005. Vegetation changes in the Jornada Basin from 1858 to 1998. Journal of Arid Environments, 61: 651-668.
HANES, TL. 1971. Succesion after fire in the chaparral of southern California. Ecological Monographs, 41: 27-52.
HIGGINS, SI; WJ BOND & WSW TROLLOPE. 2000. Fire, resprouting and variability: a recipe for grass-tree coexistence in savanna. Journal of Ecology, 88: 213-229.
HODGKINSON, K & G HARRINGTON. 1985. The case for prescribed burning to control shrubs in Eastern semi arid Woodlands. The Australian Rangeland Journal, 7: 64-74.
JOBBÁGY, EG; JM PARUELO & RJC LEÓN. 1996. Vagetation heterogeneity and diversity in flat and mountain landscape of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of vegetation Science 7: 599-608.
KUTIEL, P. 1992. Slope aspect effect on soil and vegetation in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Israel Journal of Botany, 41: 243-250.
LEÓN, RJC & MR AGUIAR .1985. El deterioro por uso pasturil en estepas herbáceas patagónicas. Phytocoenología, 13: 181–196.
LEÓN, RJC; D BRAN; M COLLANTES; JM PARUELO & A SORIANO. 1998. Grandes unidades de vegetación de la Patagonia extra andina. Ecologia Austral, 8: 125-144.
LLORET, F & M VILA. 2003. Diversity patterns of plant functional types in relation to fire regime and previous land use in Mediterranean wood-lands. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14: 387-398.
MORENO, JM & WC OECHEL. 1994. The role of fire in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Springer-Verlang, New York.
NOY-MEIR, I. 1995. Interactive effects of fire and grazing on structure and diversity of Mediterranean grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science, 6: 701–710.
OESTERHELD, M; J LORETI; M SEMMARTIN & JM PARUELO. 1999. Grazing, fire and climate effects on primary productivity of grasslands and savannas. Pp. 287- 306 in: LR Walker (ed). Ecosystems of Disturbed Ground. Elsevier, New York.
PAPANASTASIS, VP. 1977. Early succession after fire in a maquis-type brushland of Northern Greece. Forest, 30: 19-26.
PARUELO, JM; A BELTRÁN; E JOBBÁGY; OE SALA & RA GOLLUSCIO. 1998. The climate of patagonia: general patterns and controls on biotic processes. Ecología Austral, 8: 85-101.
PERELMAN, SB; RJC LEÓN & JP BUSSACCA. 1997. Floristic changes related to grazing intensity in a Patagonian shrub steppe. Ecography, 20: 400-406.
PFEIFFER, K & A STEUTER. 1994. Preliminary response of Sandhills prairie to fire and bison grazing. J. Range Manage., 7: 395-397.
SALA, OE; WK LAUENROTH & RA GOLLUSCIO. 1997. Plant functional types in temperate semi-arid regions. Pp. 217-233 in: TM, Smith; HH Shugart & FI Woodward (eds). Plant functional types. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
SCHIMMEL, J & A GRANSTROM. 1996. Fire severity and vegetation response in the Boreal swedish forest. Ecology, 77: 1436-1450.
TRABAUD, L. 1970. Quelques valeurs et observations sur la phytodynamique des surfaces incendiées dans le Bas-Languedoc (premiers résultats). Naturalia. Monspel., 21:213-242.
TRABAUD, L. 1983. Evolution après incendie de la structure de quelques phytocénoses méditerranéennes du Bas-Languedoc (Sud de la France). Ann. Sci. Forest., 40: 177-195.
VAN AUKEN, OW. 2000. Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands. Annual Review of Ecological Systems, 31: 197–215.
VILLARINO, L. 1781. Diario de la navegación en 1781 desde el Río Negro hasta la Bahía de Todos las santos. Colección Pedro de Angelis. Tomo VIII. B. Plus Ultra, Buenos Aires.
WALTER, H. 1971. Ecology of tropical and subtropical vegetation. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, UK.
WHELAN, M & RJ WHELAN. 1995. The Ecology of Fire. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
WEST, N & J HASSAN. 1985. Recovery of sagebrush-grass vegetation following wildfire. J. Range Manage, 38: 131-134.
ZAR, JH. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Segunda edición. Editorial Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, Londres.
ZIMMERMAN, GT & LF NEUENSCHWANDER. 1984. Livestock grazing influences on communitystructure, fire intensity, and fire frequency within Douglas-fir / ninebark habitat type. J. Range Manage, 37: 104-110.
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2007-06-01
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Bran, D. E., Cecchi, G. A., Gaitán, J. J., Ayesa, J. A., & López, C. R. (2007). Effect of burn severity on vegetation recovery in the Austral Monte. Ecología Austral, 17(1), 123–131. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1428
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