Saprophytic actinomycetes associated to the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Discaria trinervis

Authors

  • Mariana Solans Departamento de Botánica, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Río Negro, ARGENTINA
  • Gernot Vobis Departamento de Botánica, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Río Negro, ARGENTINA

Keywords:

saprophytic actinomycetes, enzymatic activity, rhizosphere, rhizoplane

Abstract

A total number of 122 strains of actinomycetes were isolated from both rhizosphere and rhizoplane of the plant Discaria trinervis (Hook et Arn.) Reiche. By employing morphological criteria, the strains could be arranged into six genera: Streptomyces (54 strains), Actinoplanes (27), Micromonospora (20), Actinomadura (7), Pilimelia (4), and Streptosporangium (1), along with a category of nocardioform organisms (9). The actinomycetes population varied in number and composition according to the two different sources. Most of the strains (62.3%) were isolated from the rhizosphere, predominantly belonging to Streptomyces, Actinoplanes, Pilimelia, and nocardioforms. The remaining 37.7% derived from the rhizoplane, belonging to Streptomyces, Micomonospora, Actinomadura, and Streptosporangium. Strains of the genus Streptomyces were distributed in equal numbers in both habitats. All isolates were examined concerning their ability to degrade various biopolymers. Only 14 strains were recorded without any effect to degrade plant material. The rest of the strains could be estimated as active, in extreme cases being able to decompose up to five different substrates. A total of 68% of strains showed enzymatic activity to degrade starch, 65.6% pectin, 59% cellulose, 28.7% hemicellulose, 3.3% keratin, and 15.6% had strong affinities to use lignin as a preferable substrate.

References

CHAIA, EE. 1997. La simbiosis actinorrícica en las Rhamnaceas del Parque y Reserva Nacional Nahuel Huapi. Tesis doctoral, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata.

COUGHLAN, MP & F MEYER. 1992. The cellulose-decomposing bacteria and their enzyme systems. Pp. 460-516 en: A Ballows; HG Trüper; M Dworkin; W Harder & KH Schleifer (eds). The Prokaryotes, a handbook on the biology of bacteria, ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. Vol. 1. 2da edn. Springer. New York.

CRAWFORD, DL; AL POMETTO & RL CRAWFORD. 1983. Lignin degradation by Streptomyces virisporus: isolation and characterization of a new polymeric lignin degradation intermediate. Appl. Environ. Microb. 45:898- 904.

CROSS, T. 1989. The actinomycetes. II: growth and examination of Actinomycetes – some guidelines. Pp. 2340-2343 en: ST Williams; ME Sharpe & JC Holt (eds). Bergey ́s manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore.

D’AMBROGIO DE ARGÜESO, A. 1986. Manual de técnicas en histología vegetal. Hemisferio Sur. Buenos Aires.

EMERSON, R. 1958. Mycological organization. Mycologia 50:589-621.

FRIONI, L. 1990. Ecología microbiana del suelo. Universidad de la República. Montevideo.

FRIONI, L. 1999. Procesos microbianos. Tomo II. Editorial de la Fundación Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Río Cuarto.

GAMS, W; RA SAMSON & JA STALPERS. 1980. CBS course of mycology. 2da edn. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. Baarn.

GOODFELLOW, M; M MORDARSKI & ST WILLIAMS. 1984. The biology of the actinomycetes. Academic Press. Londres.

GOODFELLOW, M & ST WILLIAMS. 1983. Ecology of actinomycetes. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 37: 189-216.

HENSSEN, A & D SCHÄFER. 1971. Emended description of the genus Pseudonocardia Henssen and description of a new species Pseudonocardia spinosa Schäfer. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 21:29-34.

HUNTER, JC; M FONDA; L SOTOS; B TOSO & A BELT. 1984. Ecological approaches to isolation. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 25:13-18.

KHAN, MR; MA BASHAR; ML SAHA & MZ HOSSAIN. 2000. Actinomycetes of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) rhizosphere in and around Dhaka. Bangladesh J. Botany 29:43- 47.

KORN-WENDISCH, F & HJ KUTZNER. 1992. The family Streptomycetaceae. Pp. 921-995 en: A Ballows; HG Trüper; M Dworkin; W Harder & KH Schleifer (eds). The Prokaryotes, a handbook on the biology of bacteria, ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. Vol. 1. 2da edn. Springer. New York.

LECHEVALIER, HA. 1989a. A practical guide to generic identification of actinomycetes. Pp. 2344-2347 en: ST Williams; ME Sharpe & JC Holt (eds). Bergey ́s manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore.

LECHEVALIER, HA. 1989b. Nocardioform actinomycetes. Pp. 2348-2404 en: ST Williams; ME Sharpe & JC Holt (eds). Bergey ́s manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore.

LECHEVALIER, MP. 1981. Ecological association involving actinomycetes. Zbl. Bakt. Mik. Hyg. I, Suppl. 11:159-166.

LENGELER, JW; G DREWS & HG SCHLEGEL. 1999. Biology of the prokaryotes. Thieme, Stuttgart y New York.

MARSCHNER, H. 1994. Nutrient dynamics at the soil-root interface (rhizosphere). Pp. 3-12 en: DJ Read; DH Lewwis; AH Fitter & IJ Alexander (eds). Mycorrhizas in ecosystems. CAB International. Cambridge.

MCCARTHY, AJ. 1989. Lignocellulose-degrading actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 46:145- 163.

MCCARTHY, AJ & P BRODA. 1984. Screening for lignin-degrading actinomycetes and characterization of their activity against 14C-lignin labelled wheat lignocellulose. J. Gen. Microbiol. 130:2905-2913.

MCCARTHY, AJ & ST WILLIAMS. 1992. Actinomycetes as agents of biodegradation in the environment – a review. Gene 115: 189-192.

MIYADOH, S; M HAMADA; K HOTTA; T KUDO; A SEINO ET AL. 1997. Atlas of Actinomycetes. Asakura. Tokio.

MIYADOH, S; M HAMADA; K HOTTA; T KUDO; A SEINO ET AL. 2001. Identification manual of Actinomycetes. Business Center for Academic Societies Japan. Tokio.

NONOMURA, H. 1989. Genus Streptosporangium Couch 1955, 148AL. Pp. 2545-2551 en: ST Williams; ME Sharpe & JC Holt (eds). Bergey ́s manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore.

NULTSCH, W. 1995. Mikroskopisch-botanisches Praktikum für Anfänger. Thieme. Stuttgart y New York.

PALLERONI, NJ. 1980. A chemotactic method for the isolation of Actinoplanaceae. Arch. Microbiol. 128:53-55.

SCHÄFER, D. 1973. Beiträge zur Klassifizierung und Taxonomie der Actinoplanaceen. Dissertation, Marburg.

SECILIA, J & DJ BAGYARAJ. 1987. Bacteria and actinomycetes associated with poot cultures of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Can. J. Microbiol. 33:1069-1073.

SHIRLING, EB & D GOTTLIEB. 1966. Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 16:313-340.

STRZELCZYK, E & A POKOJSKA-BURDZIEJ. 1984. Production of auxinas and gibberelin-like substances by mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes isoleted from soil and the mycorrhizozphere of pine (Pinus silvestris L.). Plant Soil 81:1069-1073.

THUAR, AM; CA OLMEDO & J ANDRÉS. 1999. Bacterias asociadas a la rizósfera de maíz. Phyton 65:87-90.

TORTOSA, RD. 1983. El género Discaria (Rhamnaceae). Bol. Soc. Arg. Bot. 22:301-335. TORTOSA, RD. 1989. Rhamnaceae. Pp. 112- 122 en: MN Correa (ed). Flora patagónica. Parte V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Buenos Aires.

VOBIS, G. 1987. Sporangiate Actinoplaneten, Actinomycetales mit aero-aquatischem Lebenszyklus. Forum Mikrobiol. 11:416-424.

VOBIS, G. 1992. The genus Actinoplanes and related genera. Pp. 1029-1060 en: A Ballows; HG Trüper; M Dworkin; W Harder & KH Schleifer (eds). The Prokaryotes, a handbook on the biology of bacteria, ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. Vol. 2. 2da edn. Springer. New York.

VOBIS, G. 1997. Morphology of Actinomycetes. Pp. 180-191 en: S Miyadoh; M Hamada; K Hotta; T Kudo; T Seino et al. (eds). Atlas of Actinomycetes. Asakura. Tokio.

VOBIS, G & E CHAIA. 1998. El rol ecológico de los actinomycetes en el suelo. Pp. 375-381 en: Actas XVI Congreso Argentino de la Ciencia del Suelo. Villa Carlos Paz.

WEBER, RWS; D PITT & J WEBSTER. 1998. Teaching techniques for mycology. 3. Amylase secretion by Aspergillus oryzae. Mycologist 12:8-9.

WILLIAMS, ST; M GOODFELLOW & G ANDERSON. 1989. Genus Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL. Pp. 2452-2492 en: ST Williams; ME Sharpe & JC Holt (eds). Bergey ́s manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore.

WILLIAMS, ST; S LANNING & EMH WELLINGTON. 1984. Ecology of Actinomycetes. Pp. 481- 528 en: M Goodfellow; M Mordarski & ST Williams (eds). The biology of the Actinomycetes. Academic Press. Londres.

Downloads

Published

2003-06-01

How to Cite

Solans, M., & Vobis, G. (2003). Saprophytic actinomycetes associated to the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Discaria trinervis. Ecología Austral, 13(1), 097–107. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1543

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2003)

Section

Articles

License

Authors retain their rights as follows: 1) by granting the journal the right to its first publication, and 2) by registering the published article with a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which allows authors and third parties to view and use it as long as they clearly mention its origin (citation or reference, including authorship and first publication in this journal). Authors can make other non-exclusive distribution agreements as long as they clearly indicate their origin and are encouraged to widely share and disseminate the published version of their work.