Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi populations in relationship with soil properties and host plant in grasslands of Tierra del Fuego
Keywords:
grassland, arbuscular micorrhyzal fungi, spores, colonized root, host plants, soil properties, grazingAbstract
Sheep overgrazing in grasslands of Tierra del Fuego has determined a decrease of grass cover but an increase in a prostrate shrub of low forage value (murtilla, Empetrum rubrum). We selected soils with different modality of grazing, which deter- mined particular characteristics in soil and vegetation. Abundance and diversity of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were studied on the four soils and on three of the most frequent grasses (Festuca gracillima, Deschampsia flexuosa y Poa rigidifolia). Spore counts were measured in rizospheric soil, along with nutrient content (P and N) in plants, and percentage of root length colonised and the morphology of colonisation. The most frequent species was Glomus fasciculatum. The soil, the host plant, and the interaction between both variables influenced total spore counts and percentage of root length colonised. Poa rigidifolia showed the highest number of rizospheric spores and the highest percentage of root length colonised. Neither relationship between spore counts and root colonisation nor relationship between root colonisation and P or N plant con- tents were observed using the whole data (soils and plants). Total spore counts were correlated positively with measures of N, P, Ca, K and pH in soil. Nevertheless, when soils and plants were studied separately, both the relationship between spore counts and percent of root colonised and its direction depended on the soil-host combination.
References
ANDERSON, RC; AE LIBERTA & LA DICKMAN. 1984. Interaction of vascular plants and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across a soil moisture-nutrient gradient. Oecologia 64:111-117.
BAETTI, C; P BORRELLI & MB COLLANTES. 1993. Sitios glaciares y fluvioglaciares del norte de Tierra de Fuego. Pp. 103-109 en: JM Paruelo; MB Bertiller; TM Schlichter & FR Coronado (eds). Secuencia del deterioro en distintos ambientes patagónicos. Su caracterización mediante modelos y estados de transiciones. Cooperación Técnica INTA-GTZ. San Carlos de Bariloche.
BEVER, JD; JB MORTON; J ANTONOVICS & PA SCHULTZ. 1996. Host-dependent sporulation and species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mown grassland. J. Ecol. 84:71-82.
BOWER, CA & LW WILCOX. 1965. Soluble salts. Pp. 933- 951 en: CA Black (ed.). Methods in soil analysis: agronomy. 1ra edn. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
BRAUN-BLANQUET, J. 1979. FitosociologÌa. Ed. Blume, Madrid. 820 pp.
BRAY, RH & LT KURTZ. 1945. Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci. 59:39-45.
BRENNER, JM & CS MULAVANEY. 1982. Nitrogen total. Pp. 595-624 en: CA Black (ed.). Methods in soil analysis: agronomy. 1ra edn. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
BROWN, AM & C BLEDSOE. 1996. Spatial and temporal dynamics of mycorrhizas in Jaumea carnosa, a tidal saltmarsh halotype. J. Ecol. 84:703-715.
CHAPMAN, HD. 1965. Cation exchange capacity. Pp. 891-901 en: CA Black (ed). Methods in soil analysis: agronomy. 1ra edn. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
CINGOLANI, AM. 1999. Efectos de 100 años de pastoreo ovino sobre la vegetación y suelos del norte de Tierra del Fuego. Tesis de Doctorado, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
CINGOLANI, AN; J ANCHORENA & MB COLLANTES. 1998. Landscape heterogeneity and long term animal production in Tierra del Fuego. J. Range Manage. 51:79-87.
COLLANTES MB; JA ANCHORENA & A CINGOLANI. 1999. The steppes of Tierra del Fuego: floristic and growthform patterns controlled by soil fertility and moisture. Plant Ecol. 140:61-75.
EGERTON-WARBURTON, LM & EB ALLEN. 2000. Shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities along an anthropogenic nitrogen deposition gradient. Ecol. Appl. 10:484-496.
FUERZA A...REA ARGENTINA. 1986. EstadÌsticas meteorológicas. Fuerza Aérea Argentina, Buenos Aires.
GIOVANNETTI, M & B MOSSE. 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol. 84:489-500.
HABIT, CT. 1973. Programa de investigación sobre la producción ovina en la Patagonia Argentina. Informe inédito, FAO. San Carlos de Bariloche.
HALL, IR & BJ FISH. 1979. A key to endogonaceae. T. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 73:261-270.
HARTNETT, CD & GWT WILSON. 1999. Mycorrhizae influence plant community structure and diversity in tallgrass prairie. Ecology 80:1187-1195.
HAYMAN, DS. 1970. Endogone spores numbers in soil and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in wheat as influenced by season and soil treatment. T. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 54:53-63.
HAYMAN, DS; AM JOHNSON & I RUDDLESDIN. 1975. The influence of phosphate and crop species on Endogone spores and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza under field conditions. Plant Soil 43:489-495.
JOHNSON, NC; D TILMAN & D WEDIN. 1992. Plant and soil controls on mycorrhizal fungi. Ecology 73:2034-2042.
KOREMBLIT, G & JA FORTE LAY. 1991. Contribución al estudio agroclimático del norte de Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Ans. Ins. Pat. Ser. Cs. Nats. 20:125-133.
KOSKE, RE. 1985. Glomus aggregatum emended: a distinct taxon in the Glomus fasciculatum complex. Mycologia 77:619-630.
MCCUNE, B. 1991. Multivariate analysis on the PC-ORD system. Oregon State University, Corvallis.
MC GEE, PA; GS PATTINSON; RA HEATH; CA NEWMAN & CJ ALLEN. 1997. Survival of propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils in eastern Australia used to grow cotton. New Phytol. 135:773-780.
MCGONIGLE, TP; MH MILLER; DG EVANS; GL FAIRCHAILD & JA SWAN. 1990. A new method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 115:495-501.
MENDOZA, R; MB COLLANTES; J ANCHORENA & S CAINZOS. 1995. Effects of liming and fertilization on forage yield and vegetation in dry health soils from southern Patagonia. J. Plant Nutr. 18:401-420.
MENDOZA, RE & E PAGANI. 1997. Influence of phosphorous nutrition on mycorrhizal growth response and morphology of mycorrhizae in Lotus tenuis. J. Plant Nutr. 20:625-639.
MILLER, JC; S RAJAPAPSE & RK GARBER. 1986. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in vegetable crops. Hortscience 21:974-984.
MOORE, DM. 1983. Flora of the Tierra del Fuego. Anthony Nelson. Shropshire, England. 396 pp.
MORTON, JB. 1988. Taxonomy of VA mycorrhizal fungi: classification, nomenclature, and identification. Mycotaxon 32:267-324.
MORTON, JB. 2000. Germ plasm in the international collection of arbuscular and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (INVAM). URL: http://invam.caf.wvu.edu/
MORTON, JB; SP BENTIVENGA & DB BEVER. 1994. Discovery, measurement, and interpretation of diversity in endomycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes). Can. J. Botany 73:S25-S32.
PEDERSEN, CT & DM SYLVIA. 1996. Mycorrhizal ecological implications of plant interactions. En: KG Mukerji (ed.) Concepts in mycorrhizal research. Hand-book of vegetation science, vol 19/2. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.. 372 pp.
PEECH, M. 1965. Hydrogen-ion activity. Pp. 914-926 en: CA Black (ed.). Methods in soil analysis: agronomy. 1ra edn. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
PHILLIPS, JM & DS HAYMAN. 1970. Improved procedure for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. T. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 55:158-161.
PORTER, WM; LK ABBOT & AD ROBSON. 1978. Field survey of the distributions of VA mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil pH. J. Appl. Ecol. 24:659-662.
POSSE, G. 1997. Interacción a nivel de comunidad entre la heterogeneidad de la vegetación y el pastoreo ovino en la estepa magallánica. Tesis de Doctorado, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
POSSE, G; J ANCHORENA & MB COLLANTES. 1996. Seasonal diets of sheep in the steppe region of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. J. Range Manage. 49:24-30.
POSSE, G; J ANCHORENA & MB COLLANTES. 2000. Spatial micro-patterns in the steppe of Tierra del Fuego induced by sheep grazing. J. Veg. Sci. 11:43-50.
RIPOLL, MP. 1999. Factores que regulan la asociación entre hongos ves+iculo-arbusculares y las gramíneas dominantes del Distrito Occidental Patagónico. Tesis de Licenciatura, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
RICHTER M & E VON WISTINGHAUSEN. 1981. Unterscheidbarkeit von humusfraktione in boden bei unterscheidlicher bewirtschaftung. Z. Pflanz. Bodenkunde 144:395-406.
SAGPyA. 1996. SAMLA (Sistema de Apoyo Metodológico para Laboratorios de An·lisis). Determinación de formas inorg{anicas de nitrógeno. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación, Buenos Aires. 14 pp.
SMITH, SE & DJ READ. 1997. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, San Diego. 605 pp.
TINKER, PB. 1978. Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant nutrition and plant growth. Physiol. Veg. 16:743-751.
TOMMERUP, IC. 1992. Methods for the study of the population biology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Method Microbiol. 24:23-51.
TRAPPE, JM. 1981. Acaulospora espinosa sp. nov. with a key to the species of Acaulospora. Mycotaxon2:515-521.
VAN DER HEIJDEN, MGA; JN KILRONOMOS; M URSIC; P MOUTOGLIS; R STREITWOLF-ENGEL ET AL. 1998. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396:69-72.
BAETTI, C; P BORRELLI & MB COLLANTES. 1993. Sitios glaciares y fluvioglaciares del norte de Tierra de Fuego. Pp. 103-109 en: JM Paruelo; MB Bertiller; TM Schlichter & FR Coronado (eds). Secuencia del deterioro en distintos ambientes patagónicos. Su caracterización mediante modelos y estados de transiciones. Cooperación Técnica INTA-GTZ. San Carlos de Bariloche.
BEVER, JD; JB MORTON; J ANTONOVICS & PA SCHULTZ. 1996. Host-dependent sporulation and species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mown grassland. J. Ecol. 84:71-82.
BOWER, CA & LW WILCOX. 1965. Soluble salts. Pp. 933- 951 en: CA Black (ed.). Methods in soil analysis: agronomy. 1ra edn. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
BRAUN-BLANQUET, J. 1979. FitosociologÌa. Ed. Blume, Madrid. 820 pp.
BRAY, RH & LT KURTZ. 1945. Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci. 59:39-45.
BRENNER, JM & CS MULAVANEY. 1982. Nitrogen total. Pp. 595-624 en: CA Black (ed.). Methods in soil analysis: agronomy. 1ra edn. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
BROWN, AM & C BLEDSOE. 1996. Spatial and temporal dynamics of mycorrhizas in Jaumea carnosa, a tidal saltmarsh halotype. J. Ecol. 84:703-715.
CHAPMAN, HD. 1965. Cation exchange capacity. Pp. 891-901 en: CA Black (ed). Methods in soil analysis: agronomy. 1ra edn. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
CINGOLANI, AM. 1999. Efectos de 100 años de pastoreo ovino sobre la vegetación y suelos del norte de Tierra del Fuego. Tesis de Doctorado, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
CINGOLANI, AN; J ANCHORENA & MB COLLANTES. 1998. Landscape heterogeneity and long term animal production in Tierra del Fuego. J. Range Manage. 51:79-87.
COLLANTES MB; JA ANCHORENA & A CINGOLANI. 1999. The steppes of Tierra del Fuego: floristic and growthform patterns controlled by soil fertility and moisture. Plant Ecol. 140:61-75.
EGERTON-WARBURTON, LM & EB ALLEN. 2000. Shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities along an anthropogenic nitrogen deposition gradient. Ecol. Appl. 10:484-496.
FUERZA A...REA ARGENTINA. 1986. EstadÌsticas meteorológicas. Fuerza Aérea Argentina, Buenos Aires.
GIOVANNETTI, M & B MOSSE. 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol. 84:489-500.
HABIT, CT. 1973. Programa de investigación sobre la producción ovina en la Patagonia Argentina. Informe inédito, FAO. San Carlos de Bariloche.
HALL, IR & BJ FISH. 1979. A key to endogonaceae. T. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 73:261-270.
HARTNETT, CD & GWT WILSON. 1999. Mycorrhizae influence plant community structure and diversity in tallgrass prairie. Ecology 80:1187-1195.
HAYMAN, DS. 1970. Endogone spores numbers in soil and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in wheat as influenced by season and soil treatment. T. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 54:53-63.
HAYMAN, DS; AM JOHNSON & I RUDDLESDIN. 1975. The influence of phosphate and crop species on Endogone spores and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza under field conditions. Plant Soil 43:489-495.
JOHNSON, NC; D TILMAN & D WEDIN. 1992. Plant and soil controls on mycorrhizal fungi. Ecology 73:2034-2042.
KOREMBLIT, G & JA FORTE LAY. 1991. Contribución al estudio agroclimático del norte de Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Ans. Ins. Pat. Ser. Cs. Nats. 20:125-133.
KOSKE, RE. 1985. Glomus aggregatum emended: a distinct taxon in the Glomus fasciculatum complex. Mycologia 77:619-630.
MCCUNE, B. 1991. Multivariate analysis on the PC-ORD system. Oregon State University, Corvallis.
MC GEE, PA; GS PATTINSON; RA HEATH; CA NEWMAN & CJ ALLEN. 1997. Survival of propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils in eastern Australia used to grow cotton. New Phytol. 135:773-780.
MCGONIGLE, TP; MH MILLER; DG EVANS; GL FAIRCHAILD & JA SWAN. 1990. A new method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 115:495-501.
MENDOZA, R; MB COLLANTES; J ANCHORENA & S CAINZOS. 1995. Effects of liming and fertilization on forage yield and vegetation in dry health soils from southern Patagonia. J. Plant Nutr. 18:401-420.
MENDOZA, RE & E PAGANI. 1997. Influence of phosphorous nutrition on mycorrhizal growth response and morphology of mycorrhizae in Lotus tenuis. J. Plant Nutr. 20:625-639.
MILLER, JC; S RAJAPAPSE & RK GARBER. 1986. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in vegetable crops. Hortscience 21:974-984.
MOORE, DM. 1983. Flora of the Tierra del Fuego. Anthony Nelson. Shropshire, England. 396 pp.
MORTON, JB. 1988. Taxonomy of VA mycorrhizal fungi: classification, nomenclature, and identification. Mycotaxon 32:267-324.
MORTON, JB. 2000. Germ plasm in the international collection of arbuscular and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (INVAM). URL: http://invam.caf.wvu.edu/
MORTON, JB; SP BENTIVENGA & DB BEVER. 1994. Discovery, measurement, and interpretation of diversity in endomycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes). Can. J. Botany 73:S25-S32.
PEDERSEN, CT & DM SYLVIA. 1996. Mycorrhizal ecological implications of plant interactions. En: KG Mukerji (ed.) Concepts in mycorrhizal research. Hand-book of vegetation science, vol 19/2. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.. 372 pp.
PEECH, M. 1965. Hydrogen-ion activity. Pp. 914-926 en: CA Black (ed.). Methods in soil analysis: agronomy. 1ra edn. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
PHILLIPS, JM & DS HAYMAN. 1970. Improved procedure for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. T. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 55:158-161.
PORTER, WM; LK ABBOT & AD ROBSON. 1978. Field survey of the distributions of VA mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil pH. J. Appl. Ecol. 24:659-662.
POSSE, G. 1997. Interacción a nivel de comunidad entre la heterogeneidad de la vegetación y el pastoreo ovino en la estepa magallánica. Tesis de Doctorado, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
POSSE, G; J ANCHORENA & MB COLLANTES. 1996. Seasonal diets of sheep in the steppe region of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. J. Range Manage. 49:24-30.
POSSE, G; J ANCHORENA & MB COLLANTES. 2000. Spatial micro-patterns in the steppe of Tierra del Fuego induced by sheep grazing. J. Veg. Sci. 11:43-50.
RIPOLL, MP. 1999. Factores que regulan la asociación entre hongos ves+iculo-arbusculares y las gramíneas dominantes del Distrito Occidental Patagónico. Tesis de Licenciatura, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
RICHTER M & E VON WISTINGHAUSEN. 1981. Unterscheidbarkeit von humusfraktione in boden bei unterscheidlicher bewirtschaftung. Z. Pflanz. Bodenkunde 144:395-406.
SAGPyA. 1996. SAMLA (Sistema de Apoyo Metodológico para Laboratorios de An·lisis). Determinación de formas inorg{anicas de nitrógeno. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación, Buenos Aires. 14 pp.
SMITH, SE & DJ READ. 1997. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, San Diego. 605 pp.
TINKER, PB. 1978. Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant nutrition and plant growth. Physiol. Veg. 16:743-751.
TOMMERUP, IC. 1992. Methods for the study of the population biology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Method Microbiol. 24:23-51.
TRAPPE, JM. 1981. Acaulospora espinosa sp. nov. with a key to the species of Acaulospora. Mycotaxon2:515-521.
VAN DER HEIJDEN, MGA; JN KILRONOMOS; M URSIC; P MOUTOGLIS; R STREITWOLF-ENGEL ET AL. 1998. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396:69-72.
Downloads
Published
2002-12-01
How to Cite
Mendoza, R. E., Goldmann, V., Rivas, J., Escudero, V., Pagani, E., Collantes, M., & Marbán, L. (2002). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi populations in relationship with soil properties and host plant in grasslands of Tierra del Fuego. Ecología Austral, 12(2), 105–116. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1549
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Authors retain their rights as follows: 1) by granting the journal the right to its first publication, and 2) by registering the published article with a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which allows authors and third parties to view and use it as long as they clearly mention its origin (citation or reference, including authorship and first publication in this journal). Authors can make other non-exclusive distribution agreements as long as they clearly indicate their origin and are encouraged to widely share and disseminate the published version of their work.
