Feeding of carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758) in Lobos shallow lake, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Abstract
The carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an exotic fish that currently inhabits most of the Pampasic shallow lakes. A better knowledge of its trophic spectrum and of the relative composition of its diet may represent a very useful information to understand its biology, as well as the ecological niche occupied by its populations in these environments. In this work the food habits of the carp were studied in Lobos shallow lake, from the analysis of 75 digestive tracts of fish with a mean standard length of 409.7 mm, captured between March and August of 1994. Food items were counted and classified taxonomically up to the family level. Values for several indexes were calculated with this information, and the seasonal pattern of variation of the digestive contents was analyzed using Correspondence Analysis. The species showed a wide trophic spectrum. The main food items, in order of importance were vegetable fragments, Ciclopoidea, Chidoridae, Chironomidae, Bosminidae, Harpacticoidae and seeds. The second axis of the ordination showed the existence of seasonality in the diet, which could be related to the availability of organisms in the environment. The abundance of zooplanktonic organisms in the diet coincides with that found in fishes from Asian and European shallow lakes, and it established the major difference with several deep lakes of the world, where the carp is exclusively bottom-feeder. This could be due to the opportunistic character and to the trophic plasticity of this species, which would take advantage of the offer of a particularly abundant food resource in the Pampasic shallow lakes.
References
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BRÖNMARK, C & SEB WEISNER. 1992. Indirect effects of fish community structure on submerged vegetation in shallow, eutrophic lake: an alternative mechanism. Hidrobiología 243/244:293-301.
CANDIA, C. 1991. Sobre la distribución de la Carpa Cyprinus carpio en el RÌo de la Plata y en cuerpos de agua de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Biología Acuática 15(2):166-167.
CHAPMAN, G & CH FERNANDO. 1994. The diet and related aspects of feeding of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. and common carp Cyprinus carpio L. in lowland rice fields in northeast Thailand. Aquaculture 123:281-307.
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CRISP, DT; RH MANN & JC MCCORMACK. 1978. The effects of impoundment and regulation upon the stomach contents of fish at Cow Gree, Upper Teesdale. J. Fish. Biol. 12:287-301.
CRIVELLI, AJ. 1981. The biology of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the Camargue, southern France. J. Fish. Biol. 18:271-290.
CRIVELLI, AJ. 1983. The destruction of aquatic vegetation by carp. Hidrobiología. 106:37-41.
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FREYRE, LR; ME MARO—AS & ED SENDRA. 1997. Demografía del pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis bonariensis de la laguna de Lobos (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Natura Neotropicalis 28:47-59.
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HYSLOP, EJ. 1980. Stomach contents analysis, a review of methods and their application. J. Fish. Biol. 17:411-429.
KARAM, M; M TALAAT & J OLAH. 1986. Fishery studies on Cyprinus carpio L. in Hungarian inland waters. Aquacultura Hungarica (Szarvas) 5:241-250.
KIRK, KL. 1991. Inorganic particle alter competition in grazing plankton: the role of selective feeding. Ecology 72:915-923.
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LÓPEZ, H; A RODRIGUEZ CAPÍTULO; J CASCIOTA & J IWASZKIW. 1991. Caracterización limnología preliminar de la Laguna "El Hinojo", Trenque Lauquen. Situación Ambiental de la Provincia de Buenos Aires 1(1):1-23.
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BARLA, MJ & R IRIART. 1987. La presencia de la carpa (Cyprinus carpio L.) en la laguna de Chascomús y su significado. Limnobios 2:685-686.
BOLTOVSKOY, A; A DIPPOLITO; M FOGETTA; N GÓMEZ & G ÁLVAREZ. 1990. La laguna de Lobos y su afluente: limnología descriptiva, con especial referencia al plancton. Biología Acuática 14:1-38.
BRÖNMARK, C & SEB WEISNER. 1992. Indirect effects of fish community structure on submerged vegetation in shallow, eutrophic lake: an alternative mechanism. Hidrobiología 243/244:293-301.
CANDIA, C. 1991. Sobre la distribución de la Carpa Cyprinus carpio en el RÌo de la Plata y en cuerpos de agua de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Biología Acuática 15(2):166-167.
CHAPMAN, G & CH FERNANDO. 1994. The diet and related aspects of feeding of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. and common carp Cyprinus carpio L. in lowland rice fields in northeast Thailand. Aquaculture 123:281-307.
COLAUTTI, D. 1997. Ecología de la carpa Cyprinus carpio en la cuenca del río Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata. 215 pp.
COLE, LJ. 1905. The German Carp in the United States. Reports of the United States Bureau of Fisheries 1904:525-641.
CRISP, DT; RH MANN & JC MCCORMACK. 1978. The effects of impoundment and regulation upon the stomach contents of fish at Cow Gree, Upper Teesdale. J. Fish. Biol. 12:287-301.
CRIVELLI, AJ. 1981. The biology of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the Camargue, southern France. J. Fish. Biol. 18:271-290.
CRIVELLI, AJ. 1983. The destruction of aquatic vegetation by carp. Hidrobiología. 106:37-41.
DANGAUS, N; A BLASI; M MORMENEO; M GAILLARD & R BURAKOWSKY. 1990. Estudio geológico de la Laguna de Lobos, Partido de Lobos, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de investigación de suelos y aguas de uso agropecuario (CISAUA), Conv. UNLP-MAAP.
DESTEFANIS, SU & LR FREYRE. 1972. Relaciones tróficas de los peces de la Laguna de Chascomús con un intento de referenciación ecológica y tratamiento bioestadístico del espectro trófico. Acta Zoológica Lilloana 29:17-33.
DRENNER, RW; GL VINYARD; M GOPHEN & S MCCOMAS. 1982. Feeding behaviour of cichlid Sarotherodon galileaeum: selective predation and Lake Kinneret zooplankton. Hidrobiología 37:17-20.
EDER, S & CA CARLSON. 1977. Food habits of carp and whitesuckers in the South Platte and St. Vrain rivers in Goosequill Pond, Weld County, Colorado. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 106:339-346.
ENGEL, S. 1976. Food habits and prey selection of Coho salmon (Onkorhyncus kisutch) and Cisco (Coregonus artedii) in relation to zooplankton dynamics in Pallette Lake, Wisconsin. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 105:607-608.
ESCALANTE, AH. 1982. Contribución al conocimiento de las relaciones tróficas de los peces de agua dulce del ·rea platense. I. Astianax eigenmanniorum (Osteichthyes Tetragonopteridae). Limnobios 2:311-322.
ESCALANTE, AH. 1983a. Contribución al conocimiento de las relaciones tróficas de los peces de agua dulce del ·rea platense. II. Otros Tetragonopteridae. Limnobios 2:379-402.
ESCALANTE, AH. 1983b. Contribución al conocimiento de las relaciones tróficas de los peces de agua dulce del ·rea platense. III. Otras especies. Limnobios 2:453-463.
ESCALANTE, AH. 1984. Contribución al conocimiento de las relaciones tróficas de peces de agua dulce del ·rea platense. IV. Dos especies de Cichlidae y miscelánea. Limnobios 2:562-578.
FABIANO, G; F AMESTOY; C GARCÕA & L ARES. 1992. Estudio de las variaciones en la abundancia, la estructura y la distribución espacio-temporal de los efectivos de carpa común (Cyprinus carpio L.) en el Río de la Plata medio e inferior y en el Río Uruguay inferior. Publicaciones de la Comisión Administradora del Río Uruguay. Serie Técnico-Científica 1:13-24.
FLETCHER AR; AK MORISON & DJ HUME. 1985. Effects of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on communities of aquatic vegetation and turbidity of waterbodies in the lower Goulburn Rever Basin. Aust. J. Mar. Fresh. Res. 36:311-327.
FREYRE, LR; ME MARO—AS & ED SENDRA. 1997. Demografía del pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis bonariensis de la laguna de Lobos (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Natura Neotropicalis 28:47-59.
GRANADO, C & F GARCÍA NOVO. 1981. Cambios ictiológicos durante las primeras etapas de sucesión en el embalse de Arrocampo (Cuenca del río Tajo, Cáceres). Volumen homenaje al Dr. Lozano Cabo. Bol. Inst. Esp. Océano. 319(6):224-243.
GROSMAN, FM; JR GONZÁLEZ & EJ USUNOFF. 1996. Trophic niches in an Argentine pond as a way to assess functional relationships between fishes and other communities. Water SA 22(4):345-350.
GUZIUR, J. 1976. The feeding of two years old carp, Cyprinus carpio L., in a vendance Lake Klawoj. Ekologia Polska 24(2):211-235.
HYSLOP, EJ. 1980. Stomach contents analysis, a review of methods and their application. J. Fish. Biol. 17:411-429.
KARAM, M; M TALAAT & J OLAH. 1986. Fishery studies on Cyprinus carpio L. in Hungarian inland waters. Aquacultura Hungarica (Szarvas) 5:241-250.
KIRK, KL. 1991. Inorganic particle alter competition in grazing plankton: the role of selective feeding. Ecology 72:915-923.
KIRK, KL & JJ GILBERT. 1990. Suspended clay and the population dynamics of planktonic rotifers and cladocerans. Ecology 71:1741-1755.
LEACH, GC. 1919. The artificial propagation of Carp. United States Boreau of Fisheries, Economic Circular 39:1-19.
LÓPEZ, H. 1987. Apuntes ictiológicos de la laguna de Lobos (Pcia. Bs. As.). Bol. Asoc. Arg. Limnol. 5:15-16.
LÓPEZ, H; A RODRIGUEZ CAPÍTULO; J CASCIOTA & J IWASZKIW. 1991. Caracterización limnología preliminar de la Laguna "El Hinojo", Trenque Lauquen. Situación Ambiental de la Provincia de Buenos Aires 1(1):1-23.
LÓPEZ, HL; LC PROTOGINO & AE AQUINO. 1996. Ictiología continental de la Argentina: Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, Córdoba, San Luis, La Pampa y Buenos Aires. Aquatec. 3:1-14.
LOUGHEED, VL; B CROSBIE & P CHOW-FRASER. 1998. Predictions of the effect of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exclusion on water quality, zooplankton, and submergent macrophites in Great Lakes wetland. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55:1189-1197.
MAC DONAGH, EJ. 1945. Pesca de una "Carpa de espejuelos" en el Río de la Plata. Not. Mus. La Plata. 89:315-324.
MATLAK, J & O MATLAK. 1976. The natural food of carp fry, Cyprinus carpio L. Acta Hidrobiología 18:203-228.
MCCRIMMON, HR & E SKOBE. 1970. The fisheries of Lake Simcoe. Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Toronto. 140 pp.
MCCRIMMON, R. 1968. Carp in Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 165:1-93.
MIQUELARENA, AM & HL LÓPEZ. 1995. Fishes of the lagunas Encadenadas (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina), a wetland of international importance. Freshwater Forum 5(1):48-53.
MOEN, T. 1953. Food habits of the Carp in northwest Iowa lakes. Iowa Academy of Sciences Proceedings 60:655-686.
NAKAMURA, N. 1955. Comparison of the Carp and the Crucian Carp from the piscicultural point of view. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 21(2):77-81.
PANEK, FM. 1987. Biology and ecology of Carp. Pp. 1-15 en: EL Cooper (ed.). Carp in North America. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, EEUU.
PIELOU, EC. 1984. The interpretation of ecological data: a primer on classification and ordination. Wiley, New York, EEUU.
PINILLA, GA; P VARGAS & E PATINO. 1992. Aspectos poblacionales de la carpa (Cyprinus carpio L.) en la Laguna Fuquene. Boletin Eutropica 25:28-41.
PINKAS, L; M OLIPHANT & I IVERSON. 1971. Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna and bonito in Californian waters. Calif. Fish Game 152:1-105.
POWLES, PM; HR MCCRIMMON & DD MACRAE. 1983. Seasonal feeding of Carp, Cyprinus carpio, in the Bay of Quinte watershed, Ontario. Can. Field Nat. 97(3):293-298.
PYKE, GH. 1984. Optimal foranging theory: a critical review. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15:523-575.
REHDER, DD. 1959. Some aspects of the life history of the Carp, Cyprinus carpio in the Des Moines River, Boone County. Iowa State Journal of Science 34:11-26.
RINGUELET, RA. 1972. Ecología y biotecnología del habitat lagunar o lago de tercer orden de la región neotropical templada (Pampasia sudoriental de la Argentina). Physis 31(81):55-76.
RINGUELET, RA; RH ARAMBUR⁄ & A ALONSO DE ARAMBUR⁄. 1967. Los peces argentinos de agua dulce. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas, La Plata. 602 pp.
RINGUELET, RA; R IRIART & AH ESCALANTE. 1980. Alimentación del pejerrey (Basilichthys bonariensis bonariensis, Atherinidae) en Laguna de Chascomús, Bs. As., Arg. Relaciones ecológicas de complementación y eficiencia trófica del plancton. Limnobios 1(10):447-460.
RITTER ORTIZ, W; JS SÁNCHEZ & RR RODRÍGUEZ MALDONADO. 1992. Crecimiento, supervivencia y optimización de la carpa (Cyprinus carpio L.) en la presa de Atlangatepec, Tlaxcala. An. Inst. Mar. Limnol. Univ. Auton. MÈxico 19(1):43-56.
ROBEL, RJ. 1962. The relationship of carp to waterfowl food plants on a western marsh. Utah Dep. Fish Game Inf. Bull. 62:1-4.
RODRIGUES CAPÍTULO, A; A PAGGI & I CESAR. 1995. Composición del zoobentos de la laguna de Lobos, (Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina). Limnética 11(1):29-37.
SCHROEDER, GL. 1980. The breakdown of feeding niches in fish ponds under natural conditions of severe competition. Bamidgeh. 32(1):20-24.
SIBBING, FA. 1982. Pharyngeal mastication and food transport in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): a cineradiographic and electromyographic study. J. Morph. 172:223-258.
SIBBING, FA. 1988. Specializations and limitations in the utilization of food resources by the carp, Cyprinus carpio: a study of oral food processing. Environ. Biol. Fishes 22(3):161-178.
SIBBING, FA. 1991. Food capture and oral processing. Pp. 377-412 en: IJ Winfield & JS Nelson (eds). Cyprinid fishes: systematics, biology and exploitation. Chapman & Hall, London, Reino Unido.
SIBBING, FA; JW MOSSE & A TERLOUW. 1986. Food handling in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), its movement pattern, mechanisms and limitations. J. Zool. (London) 210:160-203.
SIBBING, FA. & R URIBE. 1985. Regional specializations of the oropharyngeal wall and food processing in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Neth. J. Zool. 35:377-422.
SIDORKEWICJ, NS; AC LÓPEZ CAZORLA & OA FERNÁNDEZ. 1996. The interaction between Cyprinus carpio L. and Potamogeton pectinatus L. under aquarium conditions. Hydrobiologia 340:271-275.
SIGLER, WF. 1958. The ecology and use of Carp in Utah. Utah University Bulletin 405:163.
SKUBINNA, JP; TG COON & TR BATTERSON. 1995. Increased abundance and depth of submersed macrophytes in response to decreased turbidity in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:476-488.
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2001-12-01
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Colautti, D. C., & Remes Lenicov, M. (2001). Feeding of carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758) in Lobos shallow lake, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Ecología Austral, 11(2), 069–078. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1571
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