Riesgo ambiental asociado al aumento de la carga animal en pasturas cultivadas en suelos del oeste bonaerense
Abstract
We studied the variation of leacheable forms of nitrogen (nitrates) in relation to increasing stocking rates in two typical soils from the area, whose main difference was clay content, Tipic Hapludoll and Entic Hapludoll. Two different situations were observed depending on soil texture. The sandiest soil, Entic Hapludoll, showed a highest susceptibility to increase the concentration of potentially leacheable nitrates as stocking rate increased. The fact that the highest nitrate concentration coincides with the period of highest rainfall in the region suggested that raising stocking rates increased the risk of water table contamination.
References
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Alvarez R., M.E. Russo, P. Prystupa, J.D. Scheiner y L. Blotta. 1998. Carbon balance under different tillage systems in a mollisol of the Pampas. Agronomy Journal 90:138-143.
Baver, L.D., W.H. Gardner y W.R. Gardner. 1972. The thermal regime of soils. Pp. 253-283. In: Baver, L.D. (ed.). Soil physics. John Wiley & Sons, Nueva York, EE.UU.
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Chapin, F.S.III. 1980. The mineral nutrition of wild plant. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:233-260.
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Stevenson, B.G. y D.L. Dindal. 1987. Insects effects on decomposition of cow dung in microcosms. Pedobiologia 30:73-80.
Strong, W.M. 1995. Nitrogen fertilization of upland crops. Pp. 129-169 In: Bacon, P.E. (ed.) Nitrogen fertilization in the environment. M. Dekker, Nueva York, EE.UU.
Van Der Meer, H.G., y M.G. Van Uum-Van Lohuyzen. 1986. The relationship between inputs and outputs of nitrogen in intensive grassland systems. Pp. 1-18. In: Van Der Meer, H.G., J.C. Ryden y C.G. Ennik (eds.) Nitrogen fluxesin intensive grassland systems. Kluwer Academis Publishers, Dordrechs, Holanda.
White L.H.1987. Leaching.Pp. 193-211. In: Wilson,J.R. (ed.) Advancesin nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. C.A.B. International, Australia.
Alvarez R., M.E. Russo, P. Prystupa, J.D. Scheiner y L. Blotta. 1998. Carbon balance under different tillage systems in a mollisol of the Pampas. Agronomy Journal 90:138-143.
Baver, L.D., W.H. Gardner y W.R. Gardner. 1972. The thermal regime of soils. Pp. 253-283. In: Baver, L.D. (ed.). Soil physics. John Wiley & Sons, Nueva York, EE.UU.
Boschetti, N.G., C.E. Quintero, J.E. Mayer, M.R. Barrera y R.A. Benavidez. 1998. Evaluación del estado nutricional de pasturas de alfalfa utilizando el análisis de tejido vegetal. Revista Científica Agropecuaria 2:13-20.
Chaneton, E.J., J.H. Lemcoff, y R. S.Lavado. 1996. Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in grazed and ungrazed plots in a temperate subhumid grassland in Argentina. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:291-302.
Chapin, F.S.III. 1980. The mineral nutrition of wild plant. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:233-260.
Diaz-Zorita, M. y M.V. Fernández-Canigia. 1998. Azufre y nitrógeno en la implantación de pasturas perennes en la región de la Pampa Arenosa argentina. Ciencia del suelo 16:103-106.
Galantini, J.A. y R.A. Rosell. 1997. Organic fractions, N, P and S changes in an Argentine semiarid Haplustoll under different croe sequences. Soil and Tillage Research 42:221-228
Hall, A.J., C.M. Rabella, C.M. Ghersa y J.P. Culot 1992. Field-crop systems of the pampas. Pp. 413-450. In: Pearson, C J (ed.) Field Crop Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holanda.
1NTA. 1990. Atlas de Suelos de la República Argentina. Buenos Aires, Argentina 1:83-202.
Jarvis,S.C. y J.H. Macduff. 1989. Nitrate nutrition of grassesfrom steady-state suppliesin flowing solution culture following nitrate deprivation and/or defoliation.Journal of Experimental Botany 40:965-975.
Josifovich J.A. 1995. Invernada en el norte de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hemisferio Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 319 pp.
Juma, N.G. 1992. Interrelationships between soilstructure/texture, soil biota/soil organic matter and crop production. Geoderma 57:3-30.
Keeney, D.R. 1989. Sources of nitrate to ground water. Pp. 25-50. In: Follett, R.F. (ed.) Nitrogen management and ground water protection. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holanda.
Kovar, J.L., S.A. Barber, E.J. Kladivko y D.R. Griffith. 1992. Charactization of soil temperature, water content, and maize root distribution in 2 tillage systems. Soil Tillage Research 24:11-27.
Laws, J.A. 1993. A comparisson of the output from permanent swards containing clover or receiving nitrogen fertilizer when continuously grazed by ewes and lambs. Grass and Forage Science 48:238-248.
Legg, J.O. y J.J. Meisinger. 1982. Soil nitrogen budgets. Pp. 503-557. In: Stevenson, F.J. (ed.) Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils. Agronomy Monograph 22. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, EE.UU.
Lord, E.I. y R.D.J. Mitchell. 1998. Effect of nitrogen inputs to cereal on nitrate leaching from sandy soils. Soil Use and Management 14:78-83.
Muchovej, R.M.C. y J.E. Rechcigl. 1994. Impact of nitrogen fertilization of pastures and turfgrass on water quality. Pp. 91-135. In: Lal, R., Stewart, B.A. (eds.). Soil Processes and Water Quality. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, EE.UU.
Risser, P.G., E.C. Birney, H.D. Blocker, S.W. May, W.J.Parton y J.A. Wiens. 1981. The true prairie. Ecosystems. US/IBP Synthesis Series n°16. Hutchinson Ross P.C. Penn, Stroudsburg, PA, EE.UU. 557 pp.
Russelle, M. 1992. Nitrogen cycling in pasture and range. Journal of Production Agriculture 5:13-23.
Sims,J.T. 1995. Organic wastes as alternative nitrogen sources. Pp. 487-535. In: Bacon, P.E. (ed.) Nitrogen fertilization in the environment. M. Dekker, Inc., Nueva York, EE.UU.
Soriano, A. 1992. Rio de la Plata grasslands. Pp. 367-407. In: Coupland, R. T. (ed.) Natural grasslands: introduction and western hemisphere. Ecosystem of the world 8 A. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holanda.
Sparks, D.L. (ed). 1996. Methods of soil analysis, Part 3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. y American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, EE.UU. 1390 pp.
Steele, K.W. e 1. Vallis. 1987. The nitrogen cycle in pastures.Pp. 274-291. In: Wilson,J.R. (ed.) Advances in nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. C.A.B. International, Australia.
Stevenson, B.G. y D.L. Dindal. 1987. Insects effects on decomposition of cow dung in microcosms. Pedobiologia 30:73-80.
Strong, W.M. 1995. Nitrogen fertilization of upland crops. Pp. 129-169 In: Bacon, P.E. (ed.) Nitrogen fertilization in the environment. M. Dekker, Nueva York, EE.UU.
Van Der Meer, H.G., y M.G. Van Uum-Van Lohuyzen. 1986. The relationship between inputs and outputs of nitrogen in intensive grassland systems. Pp. 1-18. In: Van Der Meer, H.G., J.C. Ryden y C.G. Ennik (eds.) Nitrogen fluxesin intensive grassland systems. Kluwer Academis Publishers, Dordrechs, Holanda.
White L.H.1987. Leaching.Pp. 193-211. In: Wilson,J.R. (ed.) Advancesin nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. C.A.B. International, Australia.
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2000-06-01
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Scheiner, J. D., Fernández, C. O., & Lavado, R. S. (2000). Riesgo ambiental asociado al aumento de la carga animal en pasturas cultivadas en suelos del oeste bonaerense. Ecología Austral, 10(1), 081–087. Retrieved from https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1600
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