Infectividad micorrícica nativa en suelos de la Región Pampeana con cultivo de soja, diferentes historiales y características edáficas

Valeria S. Faggioli; Marta N. Cabello; Fernanda Covacevich

doi:10.25260/EA.22.32.2.0.1767

Authors

Valeria S. Faggioli Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Marcos Juárez
Marta N. Cabello Instituto Spegazzini (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP). Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Prov. de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Argentina
Fernanda Covacevich Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC)-FIBA. Mar del Plata, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.22.32.2.0.1767

Keywords:

mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal colonization, land soil use history, Pampean Region

Abstract

The expansion of soybean crop in Argentina replaced other crops, extensive livestock and forest ecosystems. It’s unclear whether this has altered native microbial communities that could supply ecosystem services, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), symbionts of the roots of most higher plants and known to promote host nutrition and growth, and soil sustainability. However, the magnitude of the contribution by the AMFs depends, in part, on maintaining its abundance in the soil and their potential to form mycorrhizae with roots. Our objective was to analyze variations in mycorrhizal infectivity (IMS₅₀) and in spontaneous arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (AM) of soybean crops cropped at three agricultural sites from the north of the Pampean Region (Córdoba), in relation to the historical land use (Agricultural [soybeans for more than 60 years], Mixed agricultural-livestock [A-G, soybean in the last 35 years], and Sierras [soybean in the last 20 years]). An in vivo bioassay revealed that the highest IMS₅₀ occurred at the Agricultural and Sierras sites, in relation to the Mixed A-G one, the site with the highest available soil P content. Both the IMS50 and AM negatively correlated with soil P, while IMS₅₀ was negatively associated with sand content, and positively with water, carbon and clay content. A high degree of infective potential by native AMF was detected in soils destined for soybean crop at the Pampean Region with different historical land use. The IMS₅₀ was a more sensitive detection method than the determination of AM colonization in the field. It is concluded that IMS 50 could be used to define agricultural management strategies to maintain/favor native AMF communities.

Author Biographies

Valeria S. Faggioli, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Marcos Juárez

VS Faggioli is an Agricultural Engineer, graduated (2004) at the National University of Villa María (Cordoba, Argentina), she is Magister Scientiae in Soil Sciences graduated (2008) from the Faculty of Agronomy - University of Buenos Aires and PhD in Natural Sciences, Graduated (2016) from the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata. Since 2006, she has been part of the permanent staff of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) from Marcos Juarez, Córdoba, developing as an External Management Researcher in Soil Biology. Her main topic of interest is related to the characterization and functionality of the edaphic microbiota, native to agroecosystems. She also participates in the Agroecology Network and in the Microbial Genetic Resources Management Plan. She has done training stays abroad. She actively participates in human resources training and diffusion of its results both in the scientific field through publications, and in the agricultural field through lectures, consultancies, etc.

Marta N. Cabello, Instituto Spegazzini (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP). Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Prov. de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Argentina

MN CABELLO is Bachelor in Natural Sciences or Ecology, graduated (1980) at the Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of the National University of La Plata, Argentina. She is PhD in Biological Sciences, graduated (1985) at the same Unviersity. She is a Researcher, since 1987, of the Commission for Scientific Research of the Province of Buenos Aires, developing her activities at the Spegazzini Institute-La Plata, belonging to the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum. She is a full professor at the National University of La Plata. Her main line of research is related to the taxonomic characterization of native fungi (with emphasis on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi). She is actively involved in HR training and dissemination of her results in the scientific field through a large list of publications.

Fernanda Covacevich, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC)-FIBA. Mar del Plata, Argentina

F Covacevich is Bachelor in Biological Sciences (1994) from the National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Magister Scientiae in Plant Production and PhD in Agricultural Sciences graduated (1998 and 2005, respectively) at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the UNMdP . She has done postdoctoral studies and stays abroad. Since 2010, she is member of the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research as a Researcher. She participates in the coordination of National INTA projects. Her main line of research is, through classical and molecular methodologies, the study of edaphic microorganisms (with emphasis on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as Trichoderma fungi, P solubilizers, among others), their genetic diversity and potentiality associated with agricultural management practices. She participates in human resources training through undergraduate and graduate student training, as well as through graduate courses. She actively participates in the divulgation of the results of her research both in the scientific field through publications, and in the agricultural field through dissertations, consultancies, etc.

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