La depredación de semillas nativas y no-nativas varía en plantaciones de pino del noroeste de la Patagonia

Genevieve M. Conley; Luciana M. Motta; Sebastián Ballari

doi:10.25260/EA.22.32.3.0.1876

Autores/as

Genevieve M. Conley School of Earth and Sustainability, College of the Environment, Forestry and Natural Sciences, Northern Arizona University. Flagstaff, Arizona, Estados Unidos
Luciana M. Motta Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi (CENAC-APN). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA - CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue. San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
Sebastián Ballari Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi (CENAC-APN). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.22.32.3.0.1876

Palabras clave:

bosque patagónico, área protegida, especie exótica invasora, dispersión de semillas, interacción planta-animal, restauración

Resumen

Los disturbios que ocasiona el ser humano pueden alterar el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas e interacciones claves como la interacción planta-animal. Por ejemplo, la depredación post-dispersión de semillas determina el establecimiento de plantas en muchos ecosistemas terrestres y puede afectar positiva o negativamente la composición de la comunidad vegetal, influyendo en la estructura y el funcionamiento del ecosistema. Pero la depredación de semillas puede verse alterada en ambientes modificados, con consecuencias sobre el establecimiento y la dispersión de las plantas nativas y no-nativas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar a diferentes escalas la depredación post-dispersión de semillas nativas y no-nativas en ambientes modificados antrópicamente como plantaciones de pinos, áreas de tala rasa y bosques nativos en Isla Victoria, al noroeste de la Patagonia Argentina. Realizamos un experimento tipo cafetería, ofreciendo especies de semillas nativas y no-nativas en cada hábitat, y medimos la cobertura vegetal alrededor de cada área de oferta de semillas para determinar el efecto de las características del micrositio. Considerando los tres ambientes, solo encontramos una mayor preferencia de depredación de semillas nativas en las plantaciones forestales de pino. Por otra parte, identificamos que la cobertura de vegetación a nivel del suelo (correlacionada con el tipo de ambiente) se relacionó positivamente con la depredación de semillas. Este estudio muestra que la depredación de semillas de plantas nativas y no-nativas podría ser impulsada, en parte, por las características del micrositio (mayor cobertura vegetal = mayor depredación de semillas), tal vez al generar refugio (sitios seguros) para los roedores, principales depredadores de semillas de estos bosques. Las estrategias de conservación, manejo y restauración de bosques deben considerar la dinámica a corto y largo plazo de un sitio de restauración post-intervención para crear un ambiente propicio para la regeneración del bosque nativo.

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