Reutilizar purines de tambo como oportunidad para reciclar nitrógeno y reducir su impacto ambiental

Silvina I. Portela; Patricia I. Araujo; Silvina B. Restovich; Tomás Della Chiesa; Juliana M. Ponsa; Andrea Peñas Ballesteros

doi:10.25260/EA.23.33.2.0.2057

Authors

Silvina I. Portela Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)
Patricia I. Araujo Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Consejo Nacionalde Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Silvina B. Restovich Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)
Tomás Della Chiesa Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET. Cátedra de Climatología y Fenología Agrícolas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires
Juliana M. Ponsa Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales,Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA)
Andrea Peñas Ballesteros Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.2.0.2057

Keywords:

slurry application, ammonia volatilization, nitrous oxide emission, Argentine Rolling Pampas

Abstract

Dairy cattle slurry (liquid mixture of manure and water from the milking operation) can be reused for agricultural production in replacement for synthetic fertilizers. However, its high nitrogen (N) concentration could stimulate the volatilization of ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission, with consequences for global warming. Our objectives were: to quantify NH₃ and N₂O loss in maize fertilized with surface-applied dairy cattle slurry or urea, and to relate N₂O emission with soil ammonium, nitrate and water contents. We performed a manipulative field experiment where we measured both gaseous losses during an agricultural campaign. Slurry enhanced NH₃ volatilization the day after the application (2.7±0.25 vs. 1.1±0.25 and 0.6±0.25 kg N-NH₃.ha^-1.day^-1 for slurry, urea and the control, respectively) and direct N₂O emission during three days after the application (75±13 vs. 28±5 y 26±6 µg N-N₂O.m^-2.h^-1 for slurry, urea and the control, respectively). Four days after application, volatilization was higher with urea and N₂O emissions were similar between treatments. The loss of NH₃ accumulated throughout the maize growing season was higher for urea than for slurry, and the accumulated N₂O emission was similar for both fertilizers. Nitrous oxide emissions were related to soil water content, initially introduced with slurry and then with rainfall. The loss of NH₃ + N₂O from the fertilizers after subtracting that of the control, was higher after the application of urea than slurry (10.8±1.2 and 3.1±0.7 kg N/ha or 0.53±0.06 and 0.18±0.04 kg N/t MS), and maize yield was similar for both fertilization treatments (19.0±0.7 t MS/ha). These results show that fertilization with dairy cattle slurry is a promising practice because it has a lower environmental footprint compared to synthetic fertilizers.

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