The The INVASS model, a conceptual framework to depict the invasion of the top-predator fish Cichla ocellaris in a large river floodplain

Luis A. Espínola; Carolina V. Minte-Vera; Tina Heger; Horácio F. Júlio Jr.; Analía M. Ponzo; Luciano N. Santos

doi:10.25260/EA.23.33.2.0.2074

Autores/as

Luis A. Espínola Instituto Nacional de Limnologia (INALI-CONICET-UNL). Santa Fe, Argentina
Carolina V. Minte-Vera Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, Stock Assessment Program. La Jolla, California, United States
Tina Heger Biodiversity Research - Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Germany. Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Restoration Ecology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
Horácio F. Júlio Jr. Department of Biology - NUPELIA, Maringá State University. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
Analía M. Ponzo Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santa Fe, Argentina
Luciano N. Santos Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ichthyology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.2.0.2074

Palabras clave:

sistema de llanura aluvial, introducción, dispersión, pasos de invasión, peces no nativos

Resumen

El cíclido tucunaré, Cichla ocellaris es un pez piscívoro, nativo de la región amazónica e introducido en todo el continente americano, ha provocado impactos adversos en los distintos ensambles de peces nativos. Aplicando el modelo INVASS, un enfoque concebido sobre todo para estructurar el conocimiento sobre invasiones de plantas terrestres, describimos sistemáticamente qué mecanismos son críticos en cada paso de la invasión de C. ocellaris en la llanura de inundación del Alto Paraná (UPRF). A través del Paso 1 de la invasión, se encontró que tanto las introducciones intencionales como los escapes accidentales de las piscifactorías fueron los factores clave para la llegada de C. ocellaris a la UPRF. El cuidado biparental intensivo y la capacidad del invasor de formar cardúmenes agresivos parecen ser los rasgos más favorables que permitieron a C. ocellaris superar el Paso 2 de la invasión. Los múltiples desoves y una larga temporada reproductiva, junto con un crecimiento rápido hasta la madurez reproductiva, contribuyeron en gran medida al establecimiento continuo del invasor en la UPRF, superando así el Paso 3 de la invasión. Dado que los cíclidos del pavo real se vieron favorecidos por los embalses en cascada aguas arriba y experimentaron pocas amenazas en la UPRF, anticipamos que C. ocellaris está cruzando ahora el Paso 4 del proceso de invasión, aumentando de forma considerable el riesgo de que otros sistemas aún conservados —pero también interconectados— sean invadidos.

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