Diversity of wasps along an ecosystem disturbance gradient in the Manu Biosphere Reserve (Perú): Their bioindicator value
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.23.33.2.0.2159Keywords:
balanced variation, variation in gradients, ecological dominance, ecological succession, alpha diversityAbstract
Diversity measures enable us to understand the extent to which communities have been affected by human disturbance. Various groups of insects have been used as ecological bioindicators of these environmental disturbances, but few include both social and solitary insects. Therefore, in the variation in present study, the diversity of wasps belonging to the Vespidae family was measured, distributed in three types of forests with different degrees of historical disturbance at the Manu Learning Center (MLC) biological station, was measured. The aim was to demonstrate how the Vespid communities are affected by disturbance gradients. MLC has three types of forest: partially cleared in regeneration forest (PCR), selectively logged in regeneration forest (SLR) and completely cleared in regeneration forest (CCR). We employed yellow pan traps, pitfall traps, and Malaise traps at nine stations, with three stations allocated to each type of forest. Rank-abundance curves, correspondence analysis (CA), Bray-Curtis beta diversity partitioning, nonmetric multidimensional analysis (NMDS), and similarity analysis (ANOSIM) were performed. In total, 841 individuals of 24 species were collected. The most abundant species was Angiopolybia paraensis (Spinosa 1851). Community structure and composition change according to the disturbance levels, with a balanced variation of Bray-Curtis of 85.65%. The most diverse forest is the most conserved (SLR). Five species were recorded exclusively in SLR and three in PCR. We concluded that vespids are good indicators of environmental quality since their populations present marked preferences and changes in their composition.
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