Diversity of insects, collembola and spiders in vineyards under different production systems, conventional and agroecological, in Mendoza, Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.24.34.1.0.2272Keywords:
biodiversity, arthropods, Vitis vinifera, agroecology, inter-rows managementsAbstract
Many studies show that organic farming, compared to conventional crops, tends to increase the diversity of arthropods, favoring the sanitary balance of the system. However, these works limit a few local agricultural or viticultural agroecosystems, and there is scarce bibliography available where the regional entomofauna is characterized. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of production systems on the community of insects, collembola and spiders. The study was carried out in a vineyard (Vitis vinifera) located in Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Two monitoring subplots under contrasting production systems were established: a conventional one with tillage, application of herbicides, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides, and an agroecological approach with cover crops, organic amendments, liquid biostimulants, and low impact preventive products. Twelve pitfall and chromatic traps were installed in each subplot for each climatic season. The determination of the collected specimens was carried out at the highest level of taxonomic resolution possible and a functional group was assigned to them. The abundance of insects, collembola and spiders was similar in both plots; however, a greater richness of families, diversity, dominance and equitability was observed in the agroecological one. The community composition of the functional groups in both studied systems turned out to be significantly different. Except for the collembola, the conventional subplot presented a greater presence of phytophagous, while in the agroecological subplot, predators, omnivores and phytophagous predominated in almost the same proportion. The great difference found between both production systems in the biodiversity indices corresponds to that found in other works where systems with the presence of vegetation in the interrows are compared, which corresponds to a more equitable distribution in the different functional groups, with a lower proportion of phytophagous compared to a conventional crop production system.
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