¿Cómo afectan las zanjas de drenaje a la disposición espacial de la vegetación deltaica?

Andriy Bazylenko; Horacio Sirolli; Sebastián A. Torrella

doi:10.25260/EA.25.35.1.0.2370

Authors

Andriy Bazylenko Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Humedales (GIEH), Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Grupo de Estudios de Sistemas Ecológicos en Ambientes Agrícolas (GESEAA), Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Sistemática de Plantas Vasculares, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires
Horacio Sirolli Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Humedales (GIEH), Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-5193
Sebastián A. Torrella Grupo de Estudios de Sistemas Ecológicos en Ambientes Agrícolas (GESEAA), Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-7397

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.25.35.1.0.2370

Keywords:

wetlands, riparian forests, drainage ditches, monte blanco, ceibal, levee forest, Frontal Delta of Paraná river

Abstract

The drainage of wetlands is a common practice that allows the incorporation of these systems to diverse productive activities. This leads to changes in the composition and diversity of their plant communities. The Frontal Delta of the Paraná River is a freshwater tidal wetland, with islands formed by a peripheral levee and a depressed center. The natural vegetation is determined by the topography, with forests in the levees, grasslands in the interior and open forests in intermediate sites. The main activity is afforestation with Salicaceae species; its development involved the construction of a network of drainage ditches to reduce the duration of flooding in the interior of the islands. The objective of this study was to assess whether the vegetation arrangement on the islands is influenced not only by their geomorphology but also by the presence of drainage ditches. To achieve this, 198 plots of 5x5 m were established. The presence of all vascular plant species was recorded, as well as the distance to the nearest stream (as a proxy for its geomorphological location) and the distance to the nearest ditch. Generalized linear models were generated to evaluate the relationship between these distances and two types of variables: the occurrence of species typically found in different environments within the Frontal Delta, and the number of species, both total and by habit, in the plots. The results show that the vegetation of the Frontal Delta, in addition to being conditioned by geomorphology, is influenced by the presence of drainage ditches. In sites far from the streams (lowlands), the proximity to the ditches is associated with an increase in tree species and the occurrence of species characteristic of the levee forests. These species colonize this environment, which forms a new spatial configuration of the levee forests, expanding their potential distribution.

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