Synthesis of ecological studies in El Palmar National Park and its conservation goals

Abstract

El Palmar National Park (PNEP) was created to conserve populations of the Butia yatay palm tree. The PNEP management plan focuses on ensuring the viability of this species´ populations, restoring or preserving natural environments exposed to lignification and fire regime alteration and the conserving native fauna. The interventions required to meet these three objectives depend on specific scientific studies on the structure and functioning of local communities. Here, we compile the results of local research carried out in PNEP, discuss its application in park management and identify additional research needs. In relation to the preservation of B. yatay, it was found that local populations tend to decline because of poor establishment. On this basis, we consider it necessary to assess the demographic trend at the landscape scale and to identify the controls on the regeneration of palm groves in vacant sites. In relation to the preservation of environments, the main changes are the expansion of exotic and native tree species in palm groves and grasslands, and the increase in the density of native shrubs in grasslands under conditions of cattle exclusion and control of summer natural fires. On this basis, we consider it necessary to define the reference ecosystem to be restored, evaluate alternative clearing techniques and determine the characteristics of the appropriate fire regimes. In relation to the conservation of fauna, it was found that management allowed the protection of rare native species, but did not favor emblematic species such as the rhea and the vizcacha, while facilitating the invasion of wild boars and deer. It is necessary to evaluate the causes of these dynamics and determine an effective control strategy for the deer.