Structure and dynamics of palo santo forests in the Dry Chaco
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.18.28.1.0.615Abstract
Knowledge on the structure and dynamics of Bulnesia sarmientoi (“palo santo”) populations is necessary for forest management aimed at the conservation and high-quality timber production by this species and the preservation of the ecosystem services of its forests. We characterized forest structure and dynamics in stands with palo santo presence in the Nothern Argentinian Dry Chaco. We sampled 21 forest sampling clusters. Each forest sampling cluster includes four sets of concentric circular plots of 1000 m² (diameter >20 cm) and 500 m² (diameter >10 cm), located at the vertices of a square of 100 m side. Forest clusters were measured in 2007 and 2012. We calculated the importance value index (IVI) of each species in each conglomerate. We identified three typical structures with palo santo: a) palosantales in regularly flooded soils, b) palo cruz con palo santo, and c) Chaco mixed forest with the presence of palo santo. Periodic annual increment in diameter was 1.14 mm for all diameter classes. Taking as a reference the structure of a conglomerate with palo santo that was selective logged, we simulated alternative interventions (80% removal of all diameter classes or a diameter restriction of >40 cm) on stand dynamics. Cutting of 80% of the trees was a very severe intervention, suggesting that the removal of the smallest sizes for rural construction could compromise the recovery of the stand. A minimum size restriction could warrant recovery in 50 years. We suggest that the harvest of palo santo trees should be focused on large individuals with the highest added value potential.
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.18.28.1.0.615
References
Araujo, P., M. Juárez de Galíndez, and M. Iturre. 2007. Crecimiento de las especies principales de un bosque en regeneración del Chaco Santiagueño. Quebracho 14:36-46.
Baumann, M., I. Gasparri, M. Piquer-Rodríguez, G. Gavier Pizarro, P. Griffiths, P. Hoster, and T. Kuemmerle. 2016. Carbon emission from agricultural expansion and intensification in the Chaco. Global Change Biology 23(5):1902-1916. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13521.
Bonino, E. 2006. Changes in carbon pools associated with a land-use gradient in the Dry Chaco, Argentina. Forest Ecology and Management 223:183-189.
Burkart, R., N. O. Bárbaro, R. O. Sánchez, and D. A. Gómez. 1999. Eco-regiones de la Argentina. Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Desarrollo Sustentable. Administración de Parques Nacionales.
Cabrera, A. 1976. Regiones fitogeográficas argentinas. Segunda Edición. Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería. Editorial ACME. Buenos Aires. Pp. 1-85.
Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora silvestres. 2010. Decimoquinta reunión de conferencia de las partes (Cop 15). Examen de las propuestas de enmienda a los apéndices I y II. Doha, Qatar. URL: www.cites.org.
Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora silvestres. 2012. Vigésima reunión del comité de flora (CoP 20). Bulnesia sarmientoi. Informe Argentina. Dublin, Irlanda. URL: www.cites.org.
Edwards, D. P., J. A. Tobias, D. Sheil, E. Meijaard, and W. F. Laurance. 2014. Maintaining ecosystem function and services in logged tropical forests. Trends in Ecology and evolution 29:511-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.07.003.
Gasparri, N. I., and G. Baldi. 2013. Regional patterns and controls of biomass in semiarid woodlands: lessons from the Northern Argentina Dry Chaco. Regional Environmental Change. 13(6):1131-1144. DOI:10.1007/s10113-013-0422-x.
Gasparri, N., M. Pinazo, and J. Goya. 2003. Crecimiento individual y diámetro mínimo de corta de Juglans australis: simulación de intervención en un rodal maduro en el noroeste de argentina. Yvyrareta 11:27-33.
Giménez, A. M., and J. G. Moglia. 2003. Árboles del Chaco Argentino. Guía para el reconocimiento dendrocronológico. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable. Pp. 307.
Giménez, A. M., P. Hernández, R. Geréz, and C. Spagarino. 2007. Anatomía de leño y crecimiento de Palo Santo (Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb. Zygophyllaceae). Quebracho 14:23-35.
Giménez, A. M., P. Hernández, C. Spagarino, J. G. Moglia, and N. A. Ríos. 2008. Calidad de madera y potencialidad de crecimiento de palo santo (Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb.) Yvyrareta 15:60-67.
Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend. 2013. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342:850-3. DOI:10.1126/science.1244693.
Husch, B., T. W. Beers, and J. A. Kershaw Jr. 2002. Forest mensuration. John Wiley & Sons.
Lamprecht, H. 1990. Silvicultura en los trópicos: los ecosistemas forestales en los bosques tropicales y sus especies arbóreas; posibilidades y métodos para un aprovechamiento sostenido. GTZ. Rossdorf, Alemania. Pp. 155.
le Polain de Waroux, Y., and E. F. Lambin. 2012. Monitoring degradation in arid and semi-arid forests and woodlands: The case of the argan woodlands (Morocco). Appl. Geogr. 32:777-786. DOI:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.08.005.
Mereles, F., and L. Pérez de Molas. 2008. Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb. (Zygophyllaceae): estudio de base para su inclusión en el apéndice II de la Convención CITES. WWF Paraguay. Lambaré, Paraguay. Pp. 15.
Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos. Ley 22.344. Buenos Aires. Convenciones Internacionales. 1° de diciembre de 1980. Presidencia de la Nación. URL: servicios.infoleg.gob.ar.
Oliver, C., and B. Larson. 1996. Forest stand dynamics. Editorial Wiley and Sons.
Pinazo, M. A., and N. I. Gasparri. 2003. Cambio estructurales causados por el aprovechamiento selectivo en el Bosque Montano del norte de Salta, Argentina. Ecología Austral 13:160-172.
Piquer-Rodríguez, M., S. Torrella, G. Gavier-Pizarro, J. Volante, D. Somma, R. Ginzburg, and T. Kuemmerle. 2015. Effects of past and future land conversions on forest connectivity in the Argentine Chaco. Landscape Ecol 30:817-833.
R Core Team. 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: www.R-project.org.
Sasaki, N., and F. E. Putz. 2009. Critical need for new definitions of “forest” and “forest degradation” in global climate change agreements. Conserv Lett 2:226-232. DOI:10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00067.x.
Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable. 2013. Resolución 393/13. Exportación de Palo Santo. URL: argentinambiental.com/legislacion/nacional/resolucion-39313-exportacion-palo-santo.
Suzuki, R., and H. Shimidaira. 2006. Pvclust: An R package for assessing the uncertainty in hierarchical clustering. Bioinformatics Applications Note 22:1540-1542.
Waller, T. 2009. Situación de la especie Palo Santo (Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb.) en la provincia de Formosa: estudios de sitios de extracción en los departamentos Matacos y Bermejo. Fundación Biodiversidad Argentina. Argentina. Pp. 45. URL: www.academia.edu/2120881/Conservation_of_the_Palo_Santo_tree_Bulnesia_sarmientoi_Lorentz_ex_Griseb_in_the_South_American_Chaco_Region.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Dante E. Loto, Ignacio Gasparri, Maximiliano Azcona, Santiago García, Carlos Spagarino
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Authors retain their rights as follows: 1) by granting the journal the right to its first publication, and 2) by registering the published article with a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which allows authors and third parties to view and use it as long as they clearly mention its origin (citation or reference, including authorship and first publication in this journal). Authors can make other non-exclusive distribution agreements as long as they clearly indicate their origin and are encouraged to widely share and disseminate the published version of their work.
