Fachinales de Prosopis caldenia intervenidos por distintos manejos: Análisis desde su banco de semillas

Ricardo D. Ernst; Carla E. Suárez; Héctor D. Estelrich; Ernesto F. Morici; Marilina A. Campos

doi:10.25260/EA.20.30.3.0.989

Authors

Ricardo D. Ernst Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa.
Carla E. Suárez Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa.
Héctor D. Estelrich Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa.
Ernesto F. Morici Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa.
Marilina A. Campos Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.20.30.3.0.989

Keywords:

restoration, lignification, disturbances, vegetation patches, BSSG

Abstract

Argentina’s central semiarid area is characterized by an important increase of woody species and non-palatable grasses. The recovery of its grazing sites depends on the seed bank composition and dynamics under different management practices. The aim of this study was to analyse the composition and abundance of viable seed bank (BSSG) and its relationship with the plant community in different patches of vegetation in a caldén encroachment under different management practices. This work was carried out in a degraded caldén woodland with a woody cover greater than 75%. After a selective rolling and a controlled burning, four treatments were obtained: control (T), burned (Q), rolled (R) and rolled+burned (R+Q). At each treatment site, in open patches (with a predominance of grasses and herbaceous plants) and closed ones (with a woody layer) vegetation cover was evaluated and soil samples were taken for GSSB analysis. Data were analysed using the Jaccard and Raup-Crick similarity index, NMDS, ANOVA, two-way cluster and PerMANOVA. Sixtyone species were recorded in the plant community and a 34 species were identified in the GSSB. The 26.5% of GSSB species were perennial grasses, mostly forage grasses (GFP). The similarity between the vegetation-BSSG in each treatment was low. However, the BSSG had a high similarity between all the treatments. Treatment patches had higher GFP seedling density than the Control. GFP seedling density was higher in open patches. Non-forage perennial grasses (GNFP) and GA+DA had higher seedling density in close patches. Exotic species density was higher in the treatment sites than in the Control, reaching higher values in the R site. In managed sites, heterogeneity in vegetation patches determines vegetation composition and GSSB dynamics. Therefore, the soil seed bank as a memory of the communities and vegetation patches are key elements to consider for the restoration of these systems.

Author Biography

Ricardo D. Ernst, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa.

Especialista en Manejo y Ecología de pastizales naturales, en especial al banco de semillas y las disytintas intervenciones sobre los pastizales

References

Álvarez Redondo, M., and E. Adema. 2018. Capacidad de retención de agua por el dosel de los arbustos en la región árida-semiárida central de Argentina. Semiárida. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía. UNLPam 28(1):31-40. https://doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2018(01).3140.

Álvarez, L. J., H. E. Epstein, J. Li, and G. S. Okin. 2012. Aeolian process effects on vegetation communities in an arid grassland ecosystem. Ecology and Evolution 2(4):809-821. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.205.

Archer, S. 1995. Tree-grass dynamics in a Prosopis-thornscrub savanna parkland: Reconstructing the past and predicting the future. Ecoscience 2(l):83-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.1995.11682272.

Bedoya-Patiño, J. G., J. V. Estévez-Varón, and G. J. Castaño-Villa. 2010. Banco de semillas del suelo y su papel en la recuperación de los bosques tropicales. Boletín Científico de Museos de Historia Natural 14(2):77-91.

Bertiller, M. B., and A. L. Carrera. 2015. Aboveground Vegetation and Perennial Grass Seed Bank in Arid Rangelands Disturbed by Grazing. Rangeland Ecology and Management 68(1):71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2014.12.008.

Braun-Blanquet, J. 1979. Fitosociología. Bases para el estudio de las comunidades vegetales. Ed. Blume.

Bucher, E. H. 1987. Herbivoría en las regiones áridas y semiáridas de Argentina. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 60:265-273.

Caballero, I., J. M. Olano, A. Escudero, and J. Loidi. 2008. Seed bank spatial structure in semi-arid environments: beyond the patch-bare area dichotomy. Plant Ecology 195:215-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-007-9316-7.

Cano, A. E. 1988. Pastizales naturales de La Pampa. Tomo I: Descripción de las especies más importantes. Convenio AACREA - Provincia de La Pampa. Zona semiárida. Pp. 456.

Chase, J. M., N. J. B. Kraft, K. G. Smith, M. Yellend, and B. D. Inouye. 2011. Using null models to disentangle variation in community dissimilarity from variation in a-diversity. Ecosphere 2(2):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES10-00117.1.

Chaudhary, V. B., M. A. Bowker, T. E. O’Dell, J. B. Grace, A. E. Redman, M. C. Rillig, and N. C. Johnson. 2009. Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands. Ecological Applications 19(1):110-122. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2076.1.

Clarke, K. R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:117-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x.

Davis, M. A., P. J. Grime, and K. Thompson. 2000. Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility. Journal of Ecology 88:528-534. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00473.x.

Demaría, M. R., J. P. Martini, and D. F. Steinaker. 2016. Actualización del límite occidental del pastizal pampeano. Ecología Austral 26:59-63. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.16.26.1.0.141.

Di Rienzo, J. A., F. Casanoves, M. G. Balzarini, L. González, M. Tablada, and C. W. Robledo. 2018. Centro de Transferencia InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.

Distel, R. A. 2016. Grazing ecology and the conservation of the Caldenal rangelands, Argentina. Journal of Arid Environment 134:49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.06.019.

Dreber, N., and K. J. Esler. 2011. Spatio-temporal variation in soil seed banks under contrasting grazing regimes following low and high seasonal rainfall in arid Namibia. Journal of Arid Environments 75:174-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.09.007.

Ernst, R. D., E. Morici, H. D. Estelrich, W. A. Muiño, and M. A. Ruiz. 2015. Efecto de la quema controlada sobre el banco de semillas de gramíneas en diferentes parches del bosque de caldén en la región semiárida central Argentina. Archivos de Zootecnia 64(287):245-254. https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v64i247.404.

Ernst, R., V. Vásquez, D. Estelrich, and E. Morici. 2017. Banco de semillas de gramíneas en fachinales intervenidos mediante rolado selectivo. Semiárida. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía. UNLPam 27(1):27-39. https://doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2017(01).27-39.

Estelrich, H. D., C. C. Chirino, E. Morici, and B. Fernández. 2005. Dinámica de áreas naturales cubiertas por bosque y pastizal en la región semiárida central de Argentina - Modelo Conceptual. Pp.351-364 en J. Paruelo, M. Oesterheld and M. Aguiar (eds.). Heterogeneidad de la Vegetación. Libro homenaje a Rolando León. Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad de Buenos Aires.

Fenner, M., and K. Thompson. 2005. The ecology of seed. Cambridge University Press. United Kingdom.

Fonseca, C. R., D. L. Guadagnin, C. E. S. Masciadri, P. Germain, and S. M. Zalba. 2013. Invasive alien plants in the Pampas grasslands: a tri-national cooperation challenge. Biological Invasions 15:1751-1763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0406-2.

Foxcroft, L. C., D. M. Richardson, M. Rejmánek, and P. Pyšek. 2010. Alien plant invasions in tropical and sub-tropical savannas: patterns, processes and prospects. Biological Invasions 12:3913-3933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9823-7.

Gianaccini, F., R. Scaramuzzino, and E. Requesens. 2009. Banco de semillas en ambientes de las sierras de Azul (Buenos Aires, Argentina) con distinta intensidad de disturbios. Agriscientia 26(2):71-79.

Gilfedder, L., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. 1993. Germinable soil seed and competitive relationships between a rare native species and exotics in a semi-natural pasture in the midlands. Tasmania. Biological Conservation 64:113-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90647-J.

Gili, A. A., R. Trucco, S. Niveyro, M. Balzarini. H. D. Estelrich, A. Quiroga, and E. Noellemeyer. 2010. Soil texture and carbon dynamics in savannah vegetation patches of Central Argentina. Forest, Range and Wildland Soils 74:647-657. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0053.

Golos, P. J., and K. W. Dixon. 2014. Waterproofing topsoil stockpiles minimizes viability decline in the soil seed bank in an arid environment. Restoration Ecology 22(4):495-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12090.

Görzen, E., K. Borisova, A. Fenesi, E. Ruprecht, and T. W. Donath. 2019. Effects of woody species encroachment and fire on vegetation and the soil seed bank in dry grasslands of Transylvania. Applied Vegetation Science 22:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12435.

Hammer, O., D. A. T. Harper, and P. D. Ryan. 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4(1):9pp.

Harper, J. L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. London: Academic Press.

Hopfensperger, K. N. 2007. A review of similarity between seed bank and standing vegetation across ecosystems. Oikos 116:1438-1448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15818.x.

Hu, A., J. Zhang, X. Chen, S. Chang, and F. Hou. 2019. Winter Grazing and Rainfall Synergistically Affect Soil Seed Bank in Semiarid Area. Rangeland. Ecology and Management 72:160-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2018.07.012.

Huston, M. A. 2004. Management strategies for plant invasions: manipulating productivity, disturbance, and competition. Diversity and Distributions 10:167-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00083.x.

Jaccard, P. 1912. The distribution of the flora of the alpine zone. New Phytology 11:37-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1912.tb05611.x.

Kalacska, M., G. A. Sanchez-Azofeifa, J. C. Calvo-Alvarado, M. Quesada, B. Rivard, and D. H. Janzen. 2004. Species composition, similarity and diversity in three successional stages of a seasonally dry tropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management 200:227-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.001.

Kalamees, R., K. Püssa, K. Zobel, and M. Zobel. 2012. Restoration potential of the persistent soil seed bank in successional calcareous (alvar) grasslands in Estonia. Applied Vegetation Science 15:208-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109X.2011.01169.x.

Kassahun, A., H. A. Snyman, and G. N. Smit. 2009. Soil seed bank evaluation along a degradation gradient in arid rangelands of the Somali region, eastern Ethiopia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 129:428-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.016.

Leder, C. V., G. Peter, F. A. Funk, and D. V. Pelaez. 2017. Consequences of anthropogenic disturbances on soil seed bank diversity and nurse shrub effect in a semiarid rangeland. Biodiversity Conservation 26:2327-2346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1358-0.

Lonsdale, W. M. 1999. Global Patterns of Plant Invasions and the Concept of Invasibility. Ecology 80(5):1522-1536. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1522:GPOPIA]2.0.CO;2.

Magurran, A. E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Pp. 179. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7358-0.

Marañón, T. 1995. Ecología de los bancos de semilla en el suelo: una revisión de estudios españoles. Revista Pastos 25(1):3-25.

Márquez, S., G. Funez, M. Cabido, and E. Pucheta. 2002. Efectos del pastoreo sobre el banco de semillas germinable y la vegetación establecida en pastizales de montaña del centro de Argentina. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 75:327-337. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-078X2002000200006.

Martin, M., E. F. A. Morici, and H. Petruzzi. 2018. Efecto del tiempo de pastoreo sobre el banco de semillas y los parámetros estructurales de Piptochaetium napostaense. Semiárida. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía UNLPam 2:9-15. https://doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2018(02).9-15.

McCune, B., and M. J. Mefford. 2011. PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 6. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, U.S.A.

Montoya, E., C. E. Suárez, E. Morici, and H. D. Estelrich. 2017. Banco de semillas en un pastizal intervenido de La Pampa: datos preliminares en el marco de su restauración. XXXVI Jornadas Argentinas de Botánica, XXVIII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad de Botánica de Chile y II Reunión Científica de la Asociación Micológica Carlos Spegazzini. 52:231.

Morici, E., V. Doménech García, G. Gómez Castro, A. Kin, A. M. Saenz, and C. M. Rabotnikof. 2009. Diferencias estructurales entre parches de pastizal del caldenal y su influencia sobre el banco de semillas, en la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Agrociencia 43:529-537.

Mueller-Dombois, D., and H. Ellemberg.1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. Wiley International (eds.).

Naito, A. T., and D. M. Cairns. 2011. Patterns and processes of global shrub expansion. Progress in Physical Geography 35(4):423-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133311403538.

Noellemeyer, E., A. R. Quiroga, and D. Estelrich. 2006. Soil quality in three range soils of the semi-arid Pampa of Argentina. Journal of Arid Environments 65:142-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.07.007.

Piudo, M. J., and R. Y. Cavero. 2005. Banco de semillas: comparación de metodologías de extracción, de densidad y de profundidad de muestreo. Publicaciones de Biología. Universidad de Navarra. Serie Botánica 16:71-85.

Quiroga, E., L. Blanco, and E. Orionte. 2009. Evaluación de estrategias de rehabilitación de pastizales áridos. Ecología Austral 19:107-117.

Rauber, R., D. Steinaker, M. Demaría, and D. Arroyo. 2014. Factores asociados a la invasión de pajas en bosques de la región semiárida central argentina. Ecología Austral 24:320-326. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.14.24.3.0.9.

Raup, D. M., and R. E. Crick. 1979. Measurement of faunal similarity in paleontology. Journal of Paleontology 53:1213-1227.

Roberts, H. A. 1981. Seed banks in soils. Advances in Applied Biology 6:1-55.

Rodriguez-Salazar, M. E., S. Álvarez-Hernández and E. Bravo-Núñez. 2001. Coeficientes de asociación. Pp. 34-35 en Plaza y Valdéz (eds.). México.

Rúgolo de Agrazar, Z. E., P. E. Steibel, and H.O. Troiani. 2005. Manual ilustrado de las gramíneas de la provincia de La Pampa. (Ed. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa y Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Córdoba).

Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1981. Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W. H. Freemna and Company. New York.

Somovilla Lumbreras, D., R. Páez, E. G. Jobbágy, and M. D. Nosetto. 2019. Cambios en el contenido de carbono orgánico del suelo tras el rolado de bosques secos en San Luis (Argentina). Ecología Austral 29:112-119. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.19.29.1.0.815.

Soriano, A. 1990. Missing strategies for water capture in the Patagonian semi-desert. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 5:135-139.

Suárez, C. E., M. G. Ronco, and H. D. Estelrich. 2010. Distribución y Estructura de una Población de Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt and Rusby (falso alcanfor) en la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía. UNLPam 21:19-30.

Suárez, C. E., and D. Estelrich. 2018. Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.). Pp. 435-448 en O. A. Fernández, E. S. Leguizamón and M. Acciaresi (eds.). Malezas e Invasoras de la Argentina. Historia y Biología. Tomo III.

Suárez, C. E., H. D. Estelrich, E. A. F. Morici, R. D. Ernst, N. Sawczuk, M. Pérez Payeras, et al. 2018. Evaluación de la vegetación en renovales de Prosopis caldenia intervenidos con distintas técnicas de manejo. Pp. 294-305 en V. Rusch, G. Caballé, S. Varela and J. P. Diez (eds.). Actas. IV Congreso Nacional de Sistemas Silvopastoriles. Ediciones INTA.

Suárez, C. E., E. Montoya, E. Morici, H. D. Estelrich, and R. D. Ernst. 2019. Intervenciones en el caldenal: ¿Favorece el ingreso de las especies exóticas? XXXVII Jornadas Argentinas de Botánica. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 54:159-160.

Taguchi, Y. H., and Y. Oono. 2005. Relational patterns of gene expression via non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. Bioinformatics 21:730-740. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti067.

Templeton, A. R., and D. A. Levin. 1979. Evolutionary consequences of seed pools. American Naturalist 114:232-249. https://doi.org/10.1086/283471.

Thompson, K., and J. P. Grime. 1979. Seasonal variation in seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats. Journal of Ecology 67:893-921. https://doi.org/10.2307/2259220.

Vázquez, P., E. Adema, and S. Aimar. 2013. Dinámica de la fenología de la vegetación a partir de series temporales de NDVI de largo plazo en la provincia de La Pampa. Ecología Austral 23:77-86. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.13.23.2.0.1163.

Wang, N., J. Y. Jiao, Y. F. Jia, W.J. Bai, and Z. G. Zhang. 2010. Germinable soil seed bank sand the restoration potential of abandoned cropland on the Chinese Hilly-Gullied Loes Plateaux. Environmental Management 46:367-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9535-x.

Wang, Y., D. Jiang, O. Toshio, and Q. Zhou. 2013. Recent Advances in Soil Seed Bank Research. Contemporary Problems of Ecology 6(5):520-524. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425513050181.