Efectos del herbicida glifosato sobre la estructura y el funcionamiento de comunidades microbianas de dos suelos de plantaciones de olivo

Autores/as

  • Paula V. Bórtoli Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV. CONICET-UNC). Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (FCEFyNat-UNC). Cátedra de Química Orgánica. FCEFyNat-UNC.
  • Romina A. Verdenelli Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV. CONICET-UNC). Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (FCEFyNat-UNC). Cátedra de Química Orgánica. FCEFyNat-UNC.
  • Cinthia Conforto Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal (IFFIVE-INTA)
  • Silvina Vargas Gil Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal (IFFIVE-INTA)
  • José M. Meriles Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV. CONICET-UNC). Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (FCEFyNat-UNC). Cátedra de Química Orgánica. FCEFyNat-UNC.

Palabras clave:

pesticidas, microbiología de suelos, bacterias del suelo, Argentina, Roundup UltraMax

Resumen

Los herbicidas pueden alterar la estructura y el funcionamiento del suelo mediante efectos directos sobre varios componentes de su microbiota. Muchos autores han encontrado un efecto perjudicial del glifosato sobre la calidad del suelo y la diversidad microbiana. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los trabajos han sido realizados en sistemas de cultivos herbáceos y anuales y muy pocos en sistemas forestales o leñosos perennes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el efecto a corto plazo de la aplicación de glifosato sobre parámetros microbiológicos generales y la estructura de las comunidades microbianas de suelos provenientes de lotes cultivados con olivo (Olea europaea L.). Realizamos un experimento de aplicación de distintas concentraciones de glifosato en dos tipos de suelo de olivar, con y sin historial de aplicación de pesticidas, y evaluamos distintas propiedades del suelo a lo largo de 55 días de incubación. En general, el impacto del glifosato sobre la microbiota fue mucho más importante en el suelo sin historial de aplicación de herbicida. En la mayoría de los parámetros analizados, el tratamiento con glifosato a la concentración recomendada a campo no se diferenció del tratamiento control. El cambio observado en la biomasa microbiana total no fue consistente. Sin embargo, en ambos suelos analizados, la aplicación de altas concentraciones de glifosato produjo un incremento significativo de las bacterias cultivables y de las bacterias Gram (-), estimada por medio de perfiles de ácidos grasos.

Citas

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Publicado

2012-04-01

Cómo citar

Bórtoli, P. V., Verdenelli, R. A., Conforto, C., Vargas Gil, S., & Meriles, J. M. (2012). Efectos del herbicida glifosato sobre la estructura y el funcionamiento de comunidades microbianas de dos suelos de plantaciones de olivo. Ecología Austral, 22(1), 033–042. Recuperado a partir de https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1263