Los recientes incendios en la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42: Pasado, presente y futuro en un territorio dinámico y complejo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.26.36.3.0.2599Palabras clave:
cambio climático, combustibles forestales, crecimiento demográfico, interfase rural-urbano, manejo forestal, Patagonia, urbanizaciónResumen
1. En la última década, la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42 experimentó numerosos incendios forestales de gran extensión y alta severidad que generaron múltiples impactos socioambientales a diferentes escalas. Su ocurrencia refleja la convergencia de procesos como condiciones meteorológicas extremas, acumulación de combustibles forestales, escaso manejo forestal sostenible y un desordenado crecimiento demográfico en zonas urbanas y de interfase.
2. Este nuevo escenario socioambiental resulta en un paisaje muy vulnerable al fuego que, de no mediar cambios, se intensificará en el futuro. La planificación de un territorio en constante transformación requiere un enfoque territorial que contemple integralmente, desde una perspectiva socioecológica, todos los procesos descritos.
3. Para esto es indispensable un debate colectivo y participativo a fin de redefinir el modelo de desarrollo territorial, con especial énfasis en el desarrollo urbano y las actividades antrópicas en áreas boscosas y de interfase.
4. Resulta imprescindible un enfoque integral en la gestión del fuego a corto y mediano plazo en acciones de prevención y mitigación basadas en el fortalecimiento comunitario respecto de la complejidad del fuego y la noción de riesgo. Esto implica considerar tanto las actividades socioeconómicas y culturales arraigadas en el territorio como el marco político e institucional.
5. Implicancias. La planificación territorial debe concebirse como una herramienta estratégica para anticipar riesgos, minimizar impactos y promover una cultura del fuego sustentada en la educación ambiental, la organización social y el compromiso colectivo. El contexto actual plantea desafíos complejos para la gestión, la planificación territorial y el desarrollo de políticas públicas a corto y mediano plazo en la región.
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