Registros de aves en entornos urbanos y áreas naturales protegidas: Diferencias en la diversidad en los Andes Centrales del Perú

Deyvis Cano; Frank Cámara; Juliane Coelho Lenhard; Jack Pastrana; Homer Sandoval; José G. Beraún-Barrantes; Fernán Chanamé

doi:10.25260/EA.26.36.1.0.2619

Autores/as

Deyvis Cano Programa Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Huánuco. Huánuco, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4262-1505
Frank Cámara Programa Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Huánuco. Huánuco, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-7405
Juliane Coelho Lenhard Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9944-0245
Jack Pastrana Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9539-1381
Homer Sandoval Parque Nacional Tingo María, Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP). Tingo María, Perú
José G. Beraún-Barrantes Programa Académico de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad de Huánuco. Huánuco, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6043-2843
Fernán Chanamé Instituto Especializado de Investigación de la Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú. Huancayo, Junín, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-8308

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.26.36.1.0.2619

Palabras clave:

conservación, Región Huánuco, avifauna, sistemas de información geogr´´afica, ecosistemas andino-amazónicos

Resumen

1. Las áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) suelen presentar altos índices de diversidad en comunidades de aves, mientras que los centros urbanos (CU) concentran más registros y una mayor abundancia de aves debido a la accesibilidad y la proximidad de los observadores, lo que podría generar sesgos en la estimación de la diversidad.
2. Este estudio compara los índices de diversidad de aves entre ANP y CU en los Andes Centrales del Perú, evaluando si los registros urbanos sobrestiman y afectan la representatividad de estas poblaciones. Para ello, se utilizaron registros del Sistema Global de Información sobre Biodiversidad (GBIF), la comparación de índices de diversidad mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon y el análisis de componentes principales (ACP).
3. Los resultados indican que las ANP presentan una diversidad (Shannon-Wiener) y una riqueza de especies (Chao1) significativamente mayores. En cambio, la equidad (Pielou J’) fue mayor en los CU, mientras que el índice de dominancia (Simpson) no mostró diferencias.
4. No obstante, ciertos CU (Tingo María, Puerto Inca y Hermilio Valdizán) presentaron valores de diversidad similares o superiores a los de las ANP.
5. Se determinó que los registros en entornos urbanos no sobrestiman la diversidad, sino que complementan la representatividad de la avifauna regional.
6. Implicancias. Estos hallazgos podrían estar condicionados por la compleja orografía andino-amazónica de la región Huánuco, cuya configuración restringe la expansión urbana extensiva y favorece la persistencia de la biodiversidad incluso en entornos transformados. Los registros urbanos de aves, en este contexto, actúan como un complemento, y no como un sesgo, en las estimaciones de la diversidad regional.

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